The Roman Social War 91-88 B.C.

The Roman Social War 91-88 B.C. Definition: The Social War was a civil war between the Romans and their Italian allies. Like the American Civil War, it was very costly. When the Romans wouldnt grant the Italians equality, most of the allies attempted to secede, although Latium and northern Campania remained loyal to Rome. The rebels made their headquarters at Corfinium, which they renamed Italia. Poppaedius Silo headed the allied Marsic troops and Papius Mutilus headed the Samnites, altogether about 100,000 men. The Romans divided their roughly 150,000 men under the 2 consuls of 90 B.C. and their legates. The Romans in the north were headed by P. Rutilius Lupus, with Marius and Cn Pompeius Strabo (Pompey the Greats father under whom Cicero served) under him. L. Julius Caesar had Sulla and T. Didius under him, in the south. Rutilius was killed, but Marius was able to defeat the Marsi. Rome fared worse in the south, although Papius Mutilus was defeated by Caesar at Acerrae. The Romans made concessions after the first year of the war. The lex Julia gave Roman citizenship to some possibly all Italians who stopped fighting or just those who had remained loyal. Next year, in 89 B.C., the Roman consuls were Strabo and L. Porcius Cato. They both went north. Sulla headed the Campanian forces. Marius had no commission despite his successes in 90. Strabo defeated 60,000 Italians near Asculum. The capital, Italia, was abandoned. Sulla made progress in Samnium and captured the Italian HQ at Bovianum Vetus. The rebel leader Poppaedius Silo regained it, but it was defeated again in 88, as were other pockets of resistance. Supplemental laws gave the franchise to the remaining Italians and people of the Italian regions of Gaul by 87. There was still a grievance, though, since new citizens were not equitably distributed among the 35 tribes of Rome. Main Source:H.H. Scullard: From the Gracchi to Nero. Also Known As: Marsic War, Italian War Examples: Military preparation for the Social War took place over the winter of 91/90. It was called the Social War because it was a war between Rome and its socii allies.

MBA - Marketing Strategy report on General Motors Research Proposal

MBA - Marketing Strategy report on General Motors - Research Proposal Example With every organization wanting to expand their reach and make an imprint in various markets, there will be enough opportunities for it, to initiate that expansion drive. So, when the organization has enough opportunities, it can set targets and formulate various strategies to achieve those targets and thereby beat off the competitors. Every organization’s survival and success in the light of stiff competition hinges on the success of its main or flagship product. It is the ‘key’ that opens the door of success or profit. So, for an organization to survive in a competitive market, and to increase its profits in an optimum manner, its products have to be marketed optimally. Toeing that line, this report will determine the current marketing strategy of General Motors. Then, the report will evaluate the strategies in view of its existing business environment, recommended improvements that would enable them to compete more effectively. General Motors Corporation (GM), a multinational corporation, was founded in 1908 as a holding company for a firm called Buick, then controlled by William C. Durant. Now, it functions as a conglomerate manufacturing and selling, cars and trucks under the brands of Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GM Daewoo, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall. Each of these brands has a number of cars and trucks under its division or arm. Even though, they are manufactured in one unit, vehicles coming under each brand are most times marketed differentially and some times in unison. Headquartered in Detroit, Michigan (USA), GM manufactures automobiles in 35 countries, capturing a sizeable portion of the world market share. GM was thus acknowledged as the worlds largest automaker, based on global industry sales. GM was able to hold on to this top position for the last 77 calendar years. But, its reign as the top automaker was threatened in the last few years. Apart from the intens e competition put

To what extent has the current financial crisis affected people's Essay

To what extent has the current financial crisis affected people's living standards in the UK - Essay Example Similarly, the real income remains at levels in 2002 whereas Consumer Price Inflation has risen by 25% (Croucher, 2013). This indicates the growing disparity between people’s purchasing power and the cost of commodities. Therefore, people are worse off with the increased prices and falling incomes. The commodity prices in UK have been affected largely by the current financial crisis. Prior to the financial crisis, the rapid oil price hike (including that in UK) had generated hope that the UK government would focus on renewable energy projects. However, the oil prices stabilized following the global recession owing to falling demand for fuel (Alvarez-Ramirez et al., 2012). As a result, the prices of commodities in UK, including both direct commodities such as petroleum and indirect commodities such as food stabilized. On the contrary, prices of diamonds saw a sharp decline in 2008 which was followed by a â€Å"rebound† whereby diamond prices exceeded equilibrium levels ( White & Rowley, 2013). This is referred to as a â€Å"commodity boom†. Thereafter, in 2011 when economic activity slowed down, the commodity prices suffered a fallback from their previously high levels. Commodity exporting countries such as the UK are greatly dependent on demand from commodity importing countries and BRIC economies such as India and China. Until 2007 and the first half of 2008, commodity prices increased rapidly due to boom in demand from India and China. However, the recessionary pressures soon caused demand for fuel and other commodities to slow down in these economies (El-Gamal & Jaffe, 2010). The international commodity demand for base metals soared with the demand for oil increasing simultaneously. This had led to an increase in food-based inflation with an increase in prices of petrol, food and other expenses. This inflation held back the Central Bank from reducing interest rates to provide financial comfort to UK citizens during the credit crunch. Furt hermore, with falling economic activity and new housing construction, construction contracts by the UK government also fell significantly from 2007 to 2009 (BBC News, 2012). This reduced the fall in demand for energy with the affect of a short-lived descent in oil prices in the UK during the period. The price of Gold, on the other hand, has been steadily rising following the recession. This is because gold has historically been viewed as a safe haven for investors to save their money during times of economic volatility. Gold boomed as stock markets collapsed and large amounts of money were printed with the dollar â€Å"floundering†. Furthermore, in the financial crisis marked by illiquidity, gold provided a highly liquid investment for investors (Shafiee & Topal, 2010). Emerging markets have had a â€Å"worst-than-expected† demand which shows how demand has fallen drastically resulting in a fall in overall commodity prices in the UK. To conclude, the financial crash ha d the effect of reducing or stabilizing the prices of fuel such as oil which had a spiraling effect on the prices of other commodities. One of the biggest causes of this (as highlighted earlier) has been the falling demand of commodities from BRIC economies in the aftermath of the crisis which has put prices of commodity exporting countries such as UK on a backburner. Furthermore, prices of gold increased due to strengthening of dollar

The Reference Letter of John Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Reference Letter of John - Essay Example John proved to be altogether different from the rest of his colleagues as he looked at our business from the perspective of an outsider and this made a huge difference. He helped us to understand that funeral industry is not much different from any other product or service industry with stakeholders such as owners, employees, customers, suppliers, competitors etc. and went about strategizing our operations, even as he plunged himself into executing his specific role with rare zeal. His entrepreneurial streak and leadership qualities came to the fore as he involved himself in activities beyond the call of duty without treading on others’ toes. He is a team player par excellence. John changed the way we looked at our business in a number of areas like inventory control, working capital management, buyer-seller relationships, marketing, customer relations and above all, adopting the technology. All these changes as briefly explained below, have metamorphosed our operations like never before. John critically analyzed the past years’ data on stores and inventory movement and helped to rationalize the inventory management and thus working capital needs. He put in place a system of inventory control that tied up with the corporate goals of growth and profitability. Working capital costs have been brought down by avoiding high stocks slow moving but easily available items, even as incidents of unforeseen emergencies due to ‘stock outs’ of critical items were reduced. He has underlined the role of developing strategic relationships with critical suppliers in order to achieve a rational inventory control, whereby the suppliers are now more confident of their business with us and are willing to meet our demands of prices and delivery schedules.

Business Ethics of Plastics Company

Business Ethics of Plastics Company The partners for the situation The main partners incorporate Ardnak Plastics, George, Charge and the inhabitants of Hondo. Additionally, speakers contain the government (EPA), Ardnaks rivals, the Mexican government, and the town 15 miles south of Hondo. Understudies ought to be urged to distinguish and talk about every partners authenticity and power. The interests of the partners Ardnak Plastics has a stake in dispensing with the steep EPA fines it has been getting. Since it cant remain to do this by purchasing new smokestack scrubbers, it ought to either move to Mexico, or George must schedule the plants considerable releases work around night time to avoid EPA area. Either course of action would satisfy Ardnak Plastics. Charges stakes mirror those of Ardnak Plastics. Legitimate and moral examination The occupants of Hondo have a huge stake in the plant staying in the town since it speaks to most by far of the citys work. Regardless, whether they comprehend it or not, they also have a stake in having clean air to breathe in, which is in opposition to the plant staying in Hondo. Since if the plant moved, it would simply be 15 miles away, this is not stress that would have much impact. The EPA has a generous stake in guaranteeing the more vital interests of all, regardless of whether they comprehend them or not, as to clean air. Everyone requirements to consent to clean air standards in case we are to fight air painting. Meeting EPA principles is an established issue going up against Ardnak. How it fulfills, the standards raise moral issues. For example, is it moral for Ardnak to timetable its mind-boggling transmissions amid the night so that the association would be an irregularity during the day when EPA readings were taken? Another ethical issue is the offices obligations to the gathering both in absolute security and business. What social duty, assuming any, does Ardnak Plastic, Inc. must the city of Hondo? Since the Ardnak plant uses a critical piece of Hondos masses, it without a doubt has a fundamental commitment to Hondo. Meanwhile, it has an obligation, not too filthy the town of Hondo. Should Ardnak close the Hondo plant, the associations social capacities would be reflected by the way it closes, including the arranging of the end and legitimate reprimanding to the city (Hooker, 2011). What ought George do? Why? Stop the Hondo Plant from closing and having to relocate. George could develop a decent dispute considering utilitarian suspecting that it is best to timetable notable releases amid the night thus keeping the plant open. By then, he could scan for a more drawn out term course of action. In any case, its hard to gauge the valuable results of keeping the plant open in Hondo against unfavorable effects of over pollution. Keeping the plant seems like a quick thought. Conclusion and Suggestion This logical investigation describes a couple of good substances for saving the parts of the humanity of related people could be used with the real objective of, particularly favorable circumstances by government and relationship as to achieving their goals These inevitable convincing to reduce the various leveled moral conflicts. Affiliation can make the relative move as like its other operational units for the transmission of debased air since EPA does not check the rate of defilement in the night. The organization can talk from close-by managerial bodies that they would offer occupations to neighborhood people, however not move the affiliation that can be valuable to find an excellent game plan in this case. At last, if the legislature couldnt give any discount on fundamental issues, then the affiliation should contribute for smokestack scrubber for diminishing defilements and other businesses. It can be much useful for the association since it guarantees the common piece of people close by EPA.References References Cole, M. Aldington, A. (2009). The Business (1st ed.). [Place of publication not identified]: ISIS. Hooker, J. (2011). Business ethics as rational choice (1st ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall.

Capital Punishment :: Death Penalty Essays

The death penalty has been around for centuries. It dates back to when Hammurabi had his laws codified; it was â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth†. Capital punishment in America started when spies were caught, put on trial and hung. In the past and still today people argue that, the death penalty is cruel, unusual punishment and should be illegal. Yet many people argue that it is in fact justifiable and it is not cruel and unusual. Capital punishment is not cruel and unusual; the death penalty is fair and there is evidence that the death penalty deters crime. A big part of abolitionist’s argument is that the death penalty is not humane. They pull in Amendment 8, â€Å"†¦nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† What the victim went though was indeed â€Å"cruel and unusual punishments’.† The murderers’ death is not cruel. The people will demand justice for what he or she has done (Bidinotto 19). Hanging and the electric chair are topics more reasonable to argue, but now because of lethal injection capital punishment has become more humane. The death penalty is not barbaric, the pain and agony that the victim went through is barbaric. Abolitionists were very upset in 1996 when rapist and murderer John Albert Taylor was executed by firing squad; they said his death was barbaric (Feder 32). Charla King, the poor 11-year-old girl he raped and strangled with a telephone cord, her death was barbaric! It makes no sense to think that John Taylor’s’ death was barbaric or inhumane. He would not even hear the bullets shoot out; his victim went through more pain than what any court system could have inflicted on him (Feder 32). In the past people have challenged the death penalty, it has always been denied, lethal injection is fair enough (Johnson 43). There have been inhumane ways in the past; people should be thankful that we use lethal injection instead of using electrocution as first choice (Johnson 43). Honestly, the death penalty is roughly enough pain that can be legally inflicted, they get what they deserve (Bidinotto 19). We will not use the death penalty to get revenge; the legal systems would not tolerate victims’ family using it for revenge. It is to seek justice, not to get even (Bidinotto 20). Second, the death penalty does in fact deter crime. New York, 1990, the murder rate was up to about 2,650 people, every year it has dropped, in 2009 there were only 778 murders.

lightweight truss construction

The purpose of this paper is to discuss issues concerning the use of lightweight truss construction.   The use of this construction has increased greatly in recent years.   There are many benefits to using lightweight truss constructions.   However, there are also dangers, which will be presented. The main benefit of using lightweight truss wood construction is that it offers builders the opportunity to save lots of money (Pindelski, 2006).   Construction companies are in the business of making money, and therefore many of them prefer to use this new, cheaper construction.   This allows the builders to secure more contracts because they are able to offer lower prices.   Another benefit of using lightweight truss construction is that it makes it easier to install and run utilities and ventilation systems, it is also easy to assemble.   Moreover, this new construction is as strong as traditional structures under normal conditions (Pindelski, 2006). It is clear that there are indeed benefits to using lightweight truss construction, however, as with all types of construction, safety is a major concern.   Research has demonstrated that lightweight truss construction does measure up to desired safety standards.   For example, â€Å"Fire statistics suggest that there is an urgent need for improved performance of light-weight truss construction in fire scenarios,† (Ziemba, 2006, p.2). This creates a serious danger for firefighters and people who occupy buildings, which have caught on fire.   â€Å"Buildings that contain lightweight wood truss construction are susceptible to collapse from fire exposure in a very short amount of time,† (Pindelski, 2006).   This sentiment is further supported in the article Lightweight Truss May Cause Firefighter Death.   â€Å"Without training and building codes that specifically address the fire hazards and threats caused by lightweight truss construction, many civilian and firefighter lives may be lost due to early structural collapse during fire situations,† (Lightweight Truss May Cause Firefighter Death, 2005). Construction companies and builders are now left to decide if the benefits of using lightweight truss construction are worth the risks to human lives.   Firefighter argue that this construction is simply too dangerous, and has cause death for many firefighters.   Unfortunately, many builders to not agree and they assert that firefighters are simply misinformed and exaggerating the dangers of these construction materials.   This debate is likely to continue for years to come.   But there is no doubt that most people agree that saving lives is more important than saving money.   Using lightweight truss constructions is an unsafe practice and it is not worth the risk to human lives or safety. References Lightweight Truss May Cause Firefighter Death (2005).   Retrieved May 8, 2007, from http://singularity.pilsch.com/Squad514CasualArgument Pindelski, J. (2006).   Understanding the Dangers of Lightweight Truss Construction.   Retrieved May 8, 2007, from http://cms.firehouse.com/content/article/article.jsp?id=46749§ionld=14 Ziemba, G. (2006).   Theoretical Analysis of Light-Weight Truss Construction in Fire Conditions, Including the Use of Fire Retardant Treated Wood.   Retrieved May 8, 2007, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050506-114556/unrestricted/Gziemba.pdf