Computer Literacy Is The Level Of Proficiency And Fluency

1. Explain computer literacy. Computer literacy is the level of proficiency and fluency someone possesses amid computers. Nevertheless, computer literacy commonly implies to the capability to manipulate applications rather than to program. Entities who are vastly computer literate are from time to time identified as power users (Computer Literacy , n.d.). Computers have affected each of our lives: the manner by how we work, the manner of how we learn, the manner in which we live, yet even the means we play. It virtually is unfeasible to progress complete a single day without coming upon a computer, an apparatus reliant on a computer, information created by a computer, or a word that was established or whose implication has transformed with the introduction of computers. However, because of the importance of computers in today’s world, it is essential to be computer literate. 2. Explain computer algorithms and its significance. A computer algorithm is a method or formula for deciphering a problem, based on accomplishing a sequence of quantified actions. A computer program can be regarded as an intricate algorithm. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm ordinarily entails a lesser technique that answers an intermittent question. Algorithms are commonly managed thru every area of information technology. A search engine algorithm, selects search strings of keywords and functions as input, explores its linked database for applicable web pages, and returns findings. AnShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Elementary School Teachers1558 Words   |  7 Pagesplanning and effective in my teaching? The Daily 5, a reading instruction program created by Gail Boushey and Joan Moser, claims to be the answers to these questions. Boushey and Moser (2012) created the program after teaching and observing others’ literacy blocks. The program is said to â€Å"engage students, [and] also teach and promote self-independence on tasks† so that the classroom teacher can attend to individual students’ needs (LaShomb, 2011, p. 1). Boushey and Moser (2006) claim that not onlyRead MoreSupporting the Development of English Literacy in English Language Learners22851 Words   |  92 PagesSUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LITERACY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS Key Issues and Promising Practices Diane August August Associates Report No. 61 February 2003 This report was published by the Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk (CRESPAR), a national research and development center supported by a grant (No. R-117-D40005) from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), U.S. Department of Education. The content or opinions expressedRead MoreTeaching English As A Second Language Instruction1302 Words   |  6 Pagesare developing language knowledge (Krashen, 1982). Reflecting on a slightly different theory is the second language instruction by Cummins. Cummins theory is based around two proficiencies, basic interpersonal communicative skills which is the surface skill like listening and speaking and cognitive academic language proficiency which is about the student s ability to cope with the academic demands of language from the various subjects. Krashen’s theory on second language learning is made up ofRead MoreRunning Head: Literacy Case Study .......... Literacy Case1719 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: LITERACY CASE STUDY Literacy Case Study: Angel Juarez Age: 7 Alexandria Wallace 04 April 2017 Arizona State University Literacy Case Study Background Information/ Observational Notes/ Interview Background Information The reason for this case study is to assess the reading skills of a 2nd grader, Angel. He is a seven-year-old boy. The areas of assessment will include phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, and comprehension. 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Many of the urban school targets high poverty areas, therefore there is a tremendous need for implementing technology into an urban setting. Many urban schools have outdated technology computers, and inadequate or nonexistent science equipment, materials and labs. Therefore students do not have the required software or material for a student to become successful. In some of the urban schools the textbooks are outdated therefore using anRead MoreEssay about The No Child Left Behind Act of 20013306 Words   |  14 Pageshigh-stakes tests† (Dee and Jacob, 2011, p. 418). Furthermore, instructional effort was reallocated away from the high-performing and low- performing standards, which lead to more instructional emphasis on students who were more likely to achieve proficiency on benchmarks and state assessments (Dee and Jacob, 2011). The effect of NCLB was very deleterious to African-American males. 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Microelectromechanical Systems And Emerging Technology Engineering Essay Free Essays

string(40) " to traditional optoelectronic devices\." The engineering that takes into history micro fabrication of micro graduated table transducers, actuators, investigations, capacitances, inductances, valves, cogwheels, pumps, gyroscope, mirrors, switches, and so on, similar to semiconductor french friess is referred to as Microelectromechanical Systems, or MEMS. MEMS is an emerging engineering which uses the tools and engineerings that were developed for the incorporate circuit. In kernel, MEMS are little and incorporate devices, which combine electronics, electrical every bit good as mechanical elements to run into the control related functional demands such as detection and propulsion. We will write a custom essay sample on Microelectromechanical Systems And Emerging Technology Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now MEMS design engineering is an drawn-out signifier of traditional microelectronic IC fiction techniques. Unlike microelectronic IC engineering, MEMS engineering can manufacture capacitances and inductances every bit good as mechanical elements such as springs, cogwheels, beams, stop, and so on. It was impossible to manufacture these constituents using IC engineering. IC engineering can merely manufacture music directors, dielectrics, and junctions ( rectifying tubes and transistors ) . MEMS, hence, is an advanced engineering every bit far as micro fabrication of Microsystems are concerned. MEMS are softly altering the manner you live, in ways that you might ne’er conceive of. The device that senses your auto has been in an accident, and fires the airbag is a MEMS device. Most new autos have over a twelve MEMS devices, doing your auto safer, more energy efficient, and more environmentally friendly. MEMS are happening their manner into a assortment of medical devices, and mundane consumer merchandises. Examples of MEMS device applications include inkjet-printer cartridges, accelerometers, illumination automatons, micro engines, locks, inertial detectors, micro transmittals, micro mirrors, micro actuators, optical scanners, fluid pumps, transducers, and chemical, force per unit area and flow detectors. New applications are emerging as the bing engineering is applied to the miniaturisation and integrating of conventional devices. Fig. 1.a MEMS device via medias electronics, electrical and mechanical elements Conductors Resistors Capacitors Inductors Semi- music directors Insulators Diodes Transistors ELECTRICAL Components ELECTRONIC Components Mechanical COMPONENTS Anchor Radio beam Bearing Cantilever Diaphragm Flexure Gear Home plates Post Probe MICROLEVEL DIMENSION Categorization of MEMS Mechanical MEMS: They largely emphasize two categories of devices ; mechanical construction based device and piezoelectric stuff based device. When the geometric structural constellations are exploited for feeling and triping purpose so the MEMS design can be classified under the first class. Assorted geometric structural constellations are cantilever, beam, home base, stop and hollow chamber. Piezoelectric stuff based mechanical detectors and actuators exploit the consequence of piezoelectric effect. As piezoelectric effect concerns with mechanical belongingss such as emphasis and strain, piezoelectric effect stuff based MEMS devices have been classified under mechanical MEMS. Broadly, the mechanical MEMS use the undermentioned methods and rules. Cantilever beam as feeling component Use of plates/diaphragms construction for capacitive detection Microphones as sound detectors Exploitation of coriolis acceleration in gyroscope for angular rate Measurements Principle of piezoelectric effect and piezomechanics Cantilevers bend when force per unit area is applied and oscillate in a manner similar to spring. Cantilever detectors can be used for the sensing of physical, chemical and biological analytes with comparatively good sensitiveness and selectivity. The application countries are huge including acoustic measurings, quiver monitoring, viscousness and denseness measuring, infrared and UV sensing, magnetic and electric field sensing, sensing of chemical bluess, including medical and biological agents, measuring of contaminations in H2O, explosive bluess, atomic radiation and sensing of DNA. A mike is an electro-mechanical-acoustic transducer that transforms acoustical energy into electrical energy. These are air-coupled supersonic microsensors, which take the advantages of miniaturisation and low power ingestion offering a broad scope of applications such as sound sensing and analysis, wind noise flow turbulency detection and quiver detection. The rule of such detectors is based on the mechanical quiver of micro-membranes or stop. The stop is a thin, round membrane that makes up a capacitance with the land plane. The value of the electrical capacity alterations during the quiver cased by the sound signal. The distortion or divergence of the membranes from the normal value depends on the amplitude of the incident force per unit area ( sound force per unit area ) . Measurement of the angular rate of rotary motion is utile in many applications. A really common application is the measuring of the orientation or lean a vehicle running at high velocity in a curving way. MEMS gyroscopes are designed to mensurate angular rate of rotary motion. The gyroscope exploits the Coriolos acceleration through a microplate with rotation-induced sidelong warp being sensed capacitively. Piezoelectric stuffs such as lead zirconate titanate ( PZT ) are assuring stuffs for MEMS applications due to their alone and singular belongingss. The PZT convert mechanical perturbations to electrical signals. Piezoelectric polymers are besides now being used abundantly as they offer the advantage of strain without weariness. Many MEMS accelerometers employ piezoelectric detection technique, using cantilever beams. Reverse of piezoelectric effect is called piezomechanics which can be exploited for the design of piezoactuators. MEMS mechanical detectors are really popular because of easy integrating process in the micromachining procedure. The basic challenge encountered in planing, nevertheless, is the execution of signal processing circuitry. Thermal MEMS: Thermal MEMS work on thermic phenomenon. Thermal phenomena are fundamentally described in footings of thermoelectric consequence, Peltier consequence, thermo sensitiveness, piezoelectric effect and form memory consequence. The topical topics under thermic MEMS include: Thermodevices including rule of thermocouple and thermopiles. Peltier heat pump and heat sink devices. Hotwire and microhotplate based thermic flow detector. Application of micro-thermo-vessels. U-shaped horizontal and perpendicular uni-and bidirectional thermal actuators. Chevron actuator. Thermocouple investigation for imagining, topography and informations storage applications. MOEMS: Micro Opto Electromechanical Systems is know as MOEMS. MOEMS are MEMS, but they handle optical signals alternatively of traditional electrical signals. MOEMS engineering accommodates the rules of optics, electronics and mechanics. MOEMS engineering requires a different set of regulations for operation as opposed to normal MEMS universe. MOEMS show good public presentation with negligible signal debasement and better quality of service ( QOS ) compared to traditional optoelectronic devices. You read "Microelectromechanical Systems And Emerging Technology Engineering Essay" in category "Essay examples" High operational bandwidth and low power ingestion are the cardinal characteristics of MOEMS devices. MOEMS have emerged to supply alone functionality in telecommunication applications. Manufacturers of these devices are calculating new chances in information engineering, wellness attention, military, industrial, and trial and measuring sectors. Some of the most of import application of MOEMS are listed as follows. Free-space optical switches, routers and beam splitters. Concentrating constituents Tunable filters Display and projection systems Guided ocular devices and tuners Magnetic MEMS: Magnetic stuffs play of import function in planing MEMS detectors, actuators and storage devices. The magnetic stuffs could be soft or difficult. The usage of magnetic stuffs in MEMS is a recent development. Soft ferromagnetic stuffs have found the most public-service corporation in microsensors, microactuators and Microsystems. Hard magnetic stuffs have several applications including storage devices. Magnetoresistive ( MR ) stuffs are used for feeling applications. They are used for observing the strength and way of the magnetic field, which in bend can mensurate the distance, propinquity, place, angle and rotational velocity. The MR stuffs undergo a alteration in opposition in response to an applied magnetic field vector. RF MEMS: Wireless communications have existed for a long clip. New wireless communicating systems are being developed more quickly than of all time. Wireless engineering utilizes RF ( Radio Frequency ) signal, which is an electromagnetic ( EM ) signal. Radio frequence operates in the scope 9 Khz to 300Ghz. RF MEMS is an emerging engineering that plays a major function in speed uping the current growing in wireless communicating. The impact will be felt at all degrees in the wireless substructure from high-end transmittal Stationss to low-end consumer merchandises, particularly nomadic phones. RF MEMS add new capablenesss and improved power efficiency, while maintaining wireless devices little and low-cost. RF MEMS can be used for accomplishing: Transmission and response Time hold for phased- arrays VCO tuning Variable Delay Lines ( VDL ) RF set select filters Reconfigurable aerials design Intermediate frequence ( IF ) filtering Microfluidic Systems: The survey of transit of fluids and their mixtures at a microscale degree is known as microfluidics. Microdevices, which are used to transport and hive away fluid, are called microfluidic systems ( MFS ) . Typically the MFS grip fluid volumes in the order of nanoliter. Some of the of import edifice blocks of microfluidic systems are: Microchannel Microvalves Micronozzles Micropumps Microreservoirs There are a great figure of applications of microfluidic systems. Some of the of import applications are inkjet printing, drug dispensing, reaction analysis, blending and separation, chemical synthesis, sensing of chemical species, familial analysis and semiconducting material processing. The advantages of MEMS compared to conventional fluidic systems are that the miniaturized system requires less reagent ( species or samples ) ensuing in faster, accurate and dependable measurings. Overall, the chief advantage of MFS is better public presentation. MFC requires building and design that significantly differs from macroscale hardware as the behaviour of fluid at microlevel is different. For illustration, the capillary action alterations significantly when the fluid base on balls through microscale diameter channels. As the graduated table becomes little the dimensions of a device achieves a certain size and the fluid particles or the solvent become comparable in size with the channel or the device itself. MFC are loosely used in semiconducting material processing engineering. The demand of MFS in the semiconducting material industry is for gas distribution and control. MEMS-based engineering can make force per unit area regulators, shut-off valves, and mass flow accountants ( MFC ) for electronics forte gases ( ESG ) distribution. The usage of MFS and faculties eliminates the size and figure of dyer’s rockets and face seals used in incorporate gas control and distribution constituents. Regardless of the application spheres of MFS, the engineering design issues to be addressed are as follows: Precision alliance, truth, geometrical regularity and smoothness Mechanical parametric quantities such as opposition to chair and high force per unit areas. Architecture for complex construction and packaging denseness Standardization issues BIO and CHEMO-Devices: Microdevices used for the analysis and sensing of biomedical and industrial reagents are called as bio and chemo-devices. Unlike MFS, bio and chemo-devices are diode-type, capacitor-type, transistor-type or 3D cantilever construction. Such devices for sample analysis for biomedical and industrial demands are still under development. Some of the applications are: Forensicss Familial showing Stress-response analysis Antibodies cistron look in transgenic cells Bio-warfare agents sensing Bacteria sensing Drug find, analysis and synthesis Modeling AND SIMULATION MEMS devices are designed on the footing of micromachining technique. Prior to their design, it is of import to analyze the behaviour of the systems. See a parallel home base capacitance type electrostatic MEMS actuator. If a electromotive force were applied across the two electrodes of the microactuator so the movable home base would be displaced ensuing propulsion. When an external forcing map is applied to the system a alteration may non happen at all. The alteration occurs merely when the input overcomes the loss constituent that is matter-of-fact in a existent system, the manner the system responds to the input depends on both input coercing map and on the other factors such as its geometry and the stuff utilizing which the system has been built. The jurisprudence of preservation of energy ever governs the relationship between the input and the end product of a system. In this instance the external forcing map could be a force, force per unit area or magnetic field. The of import thing is that each and every system can be seen through some signifier of regulating equations, which are formulated, based on the input and end pro duct relationships. The government equations are called as theoretical account equations or in other words the theoretical account equations represent the system. If exemplary equations are given it can be used directly off, else the equations have to be formulated merely by looking at the system. This is called as designation. Capacitor-based actuator is considered a simple dynamitic system and its analytic dynamic theoretical account equations can instantly be written as, C = a A / cubic decimeter ( T ) F = Q2 ( T ) / 2 a Angstrom I ( T ) = 1/R { V ( T ) – Q ( T ) cubic decimeter ( T ) / a A } milliliter ( T ) = -bl ( T ) – K { cubic decimeter ( T ) – l0 } – Q2 ( T ) / 2 a Angstrom Q ( T ) = 1/R { V ( T ) – Q ( T ) cubic decimeter ( T ) / aA } Where, v ( T ) = commanding input electromotive force ; Q ( T ) = charge in the capacitance ; F = C force ; C = electrical capacity ; I ( T ) = current through resistance ; cubic decimeter ( T ) = air spread ; l0 = initial spread ( when V ( T ) is zero ) ; A = home base country ; a = permittivity ; R = opposition in the circuit ; m = mass of the top home base ; B = muffling changeless ; K = spring invariable ; Fig. 1.b Model diagram of an electrostatic capacitive microactuator L0 ( T ) L0 ( T ) m R B K – + I ( T ) V ( T ) MEMS Packaging and Design Considerations Like IC packaging, MEMS packages must hold the ability to run into some of import standards, such as There should be good isolation between the non-sensing and feeling countries of the device, There must non be any hinderance to the driving actions such as tilting, writhing, revolving, skiding, or vibrating, Efficient matching at the nexus, junction, anchor country, Unreliability issues due to the undermentioned grounds. Contamination Inactive overload Blending Lodging Clamping Delamination Creep Fatigue MICROMACHINING The term micromachining refers to the fiction of 3D MEMS constructions with the assistance of advanced lithography followed by etching. Lithography patterns the structural stuff whereas etching removes the selective part of the substrate or thin movie based structural and sacrificial stuff already deposited. In general, the micromachining procedure can either utilize the stuff to organize microstructures by etching straight into the stuff or utilize structural bed to bring forth the same. Sacrificial bed is etched off in order to obtain a separate 3D construction. Broadly, the fiction processes fall into two classs such as: Bulk micromachining Surface micromachining 5.1 Bulk micromachining: Bulk micromachining is a procedure used to bring forth micromachinery or microelectrical mechanical systems ( MEMS ) . It refers to etching through both the sides of a majority of stuff to organize the coveted constructions. The constructions are formed by wet chemical etching or by reactive ion etching ( RIE ) . The advantage of majority micromachining is that substrate stuffs such as vitreous silica or individual crystal Si are readily available and moderately high aspect-ratio constructions can be fabricated. Normally, silicon wafers are used as substrates for majority micromachining, as they can be anisotropically wet etched, organizing extremely regular constructions. Wet etching typically uses alkalic liquid dissolvers, such as K hydrated oxide ( KOH ) or tetramethylammonium hydrated oxide ( TMAH ) to fade out Si which has been left exposed by the photolithography dissembling measure. These alkali dissolvers dissolve the Si in a extremely anisotropic manner, with some crystallographic orientations fade outing up to 1000 times faster than others. Such an attack is frequently used with really specific crystallographic orientations in the natural Si to bring forth V-shaped channels. The surface of these channels can be atomically smooth if the etch is carried out right, and the dimensions and angles can be exactly defined. 5.2 Surface micromachining: Surface micromachining is another method that characterizes fiction of MEMS structures out of sedimentations thin movies, i.e, it involves the creative activity of mechanical constructions in thin movies already grown on the surface of the wafer. Layers from which the 3D constructions will be created may be composed of three beds as follows: Isolation bed: When Si substrate is used as the susbtrate, the first measure in surface micromachining is the deposition of an isolation bed. This bed is deposited with dielectric stuff such as Si dioxide ( SiO2 ) followed by a thin bed of Si nitrite. This acts as etch halt for many etchants. Sacrificial bed: Sacrificial bed is besides called spacer bed, which needs to be etched in order to make separate 3D construction. A phosphosilicate glass ( PSG ) bed os a preffered stuff for sacrificial bed. Structural stuff: this is the bed from which the construction will be built. The most common structural stuff in microfabrication is polysilicon ( poly-Si or merely poly ) . Polysilicon stuff based micromachining has been the anchor of the fiction engineering for many of the microsensors and actuators. Basic apprehension and control of the stuff belongingss of structural movies Let go ofing method for the microstructure Fabrication characteristics for hinged constructions and high-aspect ratio devices Boxing methods Fig 1.c, Surface micromachining Silicon has first-class mechanical belongingss doing it an ideal stuff for machining. The beds are deposited in sequence and later some selective parts of the sacrificial and structural beds are removed to construct up a 3D mechanical construction. Hydrofluoric acid can fade out the sacrificial bed. Rising and drying follow etching. Once done, the construction can be freed from the planar substrate. This is called release procedure. The surface micromachining procedure is a critical method, as it requires serious attending as the belongings of stuff significantly varies at the microstructure degree. In peculiar, following issues are dealt with careful attending. Market growing of MEMS Presently, MEMS market demands are going overpoweringly high. MEMS-based systems developers are concentrating on technological inventions, as they complete to offer merchandises that meet client demands every bit good as public presentation. The market increasingly is being strengthened by the fact that investing in MEMS is time-based value technology that meets the high industry demand. User and sellers are besides really sensitive to monetary value of the market while explicating market schemes, at least over short term. The value of MEMS merchandises increased 14 billion USD by the twelvemonth 2000, that was justly predicted during 1995. The market for RF MEMS devices is forecasted to turn to 1 billion USD by 2006. Towards the beginning of the fourth one-fourth in the twelvemonth 1998, NEXUS ( The Network of Excellence in Multifunctional Microsystems ) undertaking force announced the first ‘Market Analysis for Microsystems ‘ , for the period 1996-2002. Their survey inc luded all types of Microsystems, including MEMS. It is estimated a jutting market growing of 14 billion USD to 38 billion USD by the twelvemonth 2002. Figure 1.c shows the illustration of market growing every bit far as gross revenues of MEMS merchandises are concerned. Figure 1.d shows approximative per centum of assorted types of MEMS devices in assorted sectors. Fig. 1.d, Market growing of MEMS based merchandises Fig 1.e, An approximative illustration of MEMS merchandises in assorted sectors Applications MEMS devices have already found important applications in many sectors. They are used for commanding micromanipulator, micro-handling equipments, microgrippers and microrobots. Many MEMS devices are found in clock, ink-jet pressman caput, colour projection and show systems and scanning investigation equipments. MEMS engineering besides designs many types of detectors including force per unit area, temperature, chemical and quiver detectors. MEMS-based light reflectors, beam splitter, RF and optical switches are common. Broadly the application sectors are: Aircraft industries Automotive Chemical, clinical and pharmaceuticals industry Automation industry and fabrication sectors Defense and infinite applications Environmental Communicationss Health scientific discipline ( Pacemakers ) Calculating ( Data storage devices, show, publishing caput ) Consumer merchandises How to cite Microelectromechanical Systems And Emerging Technology Engineering Essay, Essay examples

Entrepreneurship Roles of Great Entrepreneurs

Question: Discuss the role an entrepreneur plays within an existing company and his/her own venture. Explain and evaluate a range of characteristics and skills which are necessary to become a successful entrepreneur. You should support your arguments with evidence from reading. Likewise you should illustrate your points with examples of well-known successful entrepreneurs. Explain how the necessary characteristics and skills helps the entrepreneur fulfil his/her role. Answer: Introduction- Entrepreneurship is basically planned for high school students and juniors, together with non-business student, who want to study about entrepreneurship, its function and value in our civilization, and how to get latest thoughts to marketplace both in the set up and business situation. This is an initial way proposed to offer students with a solid basis on how entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship play a key function in the 21st century overall economy.(Business, news and politics ,2012) In the lessons, we will judge, survey, and analysis the globe of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is approached as a manner of view and performing, as thoughts and a manner. The attitude focus will be on the design of new offers, the ways that they appear into being, and factors related with their achievement.(Berry.T n.d.) The roles of the entrepreneur- The role of an entrepreneur is to handle risk factors for establishing a service or goods in the market place. Moreover, an entrepreneur takes every possible opportunity from the market for gaining competitive advantages.(B ,2005) Entrepreneur as risk- taker- Entrepreneur is a person who has the ability to take high risk for financial gain. In addition, an entrepreneur has the ability to predict the efficiency of the implemented strategy for understanding that whether the risk factor will be under control or not. Entrepreneur as business manager- Entrepreneur as a business manager create a border line between the management and the entrepreneurship. Entrepreneur with the productive services, inserting their own persons and property / assets at the clearance of the entrepreneur who can guarantee at a fixed compensation. The final profit amount is based on a scope of error in calculation by the entrepreneurs and non- entrepreneurs who do not compel the entrepreneurs to pay as much amount for the productive services they could be compelled to pay. (J ,2012) Entrepreneur as an exceptional leader- As an exceptional leader, he has to take care for the return on risk taking, capital use and production effort and ability or asset specificity. A successful leader should select supporters cleverly and apart from that, he should control the followers in an effective manner. In order to gain effective and exceptional outcome, a leader should seek innovative ideas from the followers. However, the leader should take the final decision for avoiding unnecessary crisis. (A ,2010) Entrepreneur as a viewer/ restorer- Entrepreneur basic role is to achieve the kind of adjustment or changes necessary to move the economic market towards the stability condition. With the change of static condition like population growth there is a need of improved production technology and the mobility of the capital and labor is also necessary to restore the stability. Entrepreneur as an innovator- For the long term success and stability in the market an entrepreneur should be innovative. In order to be significant, competitive and more successful you need to reinvent and challenging yourself by finding out the ways and searching for the new options that can retain your customer back.(D ,2010) Characteristics and skills of an entrepreneur- Characteristics and skills are an important part or a self made quality an entrepreneur should have. These are the pillars for a successful building or in other words these are the main elements of success. These involve determination, hard work, efficiency, management of the entrepreneurs as well as their confidence. It also includes their risk taking factor for increasing business modules and selling and promotion part of the products and the services. They should be fully passionate towards their goals and should be upto the mark for their choice of decisions. In other words, they are the persons who can make or demolish any organization. Following are some of the characteristics and skills of a successful entrepreneur. Characteristics- There are certain characteristics, which are really important for the getting successful outcome. The most important characteristic of a successful leader is passion. If a person is really committed to his work and knows very well and deeply about it this is called passion. Achieving their goals is the main priority as compared to earning any amount. And another key of successful entrepreneur is self confidence. If you have a confidence in your ability to succeed than only you can overcome any problem. (J ,2007)You should always take a positive approach about all the things you have done or you have to do. Another qualities of a successful entrepreneur self reliant as they dont have to wait for others to tell or order them what they have to do. They are the self starter and very much confident about making the decision. Entrepreneurs have other qualities as well like the ability to complete tasks, the willingness for taking risk. Generally, an individual try to avoid risk factors but on the other hand, self-confidence of an entrepreneur assists them to take the challenge. Apart from that, an entrepreneur understands that risk is a natural part of achieving goals. Another quality of entrepreneurs is creative. An entrepreneur tries to seek for innovative ideas for doing things. Finally, the entrepreneurs are courageous for learning new things. Entrepreneurs build a learning environment for learning new things from other people. These are some of the characteristics a successful entrepreneur should have for a successful career. Plan everything is an important characteristics as in business planning it is required to evaluate the business situation, research, compilation of data and conclusion based on the facts. Planning also includes the success of each small and individual plan to make it a big success as a whole.(T ,2015) Creating a competitive advantage is vary healthy nutrients for any of the business as it is the unique selling point by providing more advantages. It includes services, warranty, flexible payment options, lowest price, better consumer services and exchange benefits. Follow up constantly is an important aspect as it enables you to turn viewers into the consumers and also increases the value of sale and purchase from the existence consumers. Constant follow up helps to retain the consumers and keeping them joint with your business and providing them the products and services for a longer duration of time which further helps to make a strong business relationships. Skills- Entrepreneur should have some skills which help them to have a great success like- Ability to plan is the main skill for an entrepreneur as they must be able to develop a plan for achieving their goals including all the departments like finance, marketing production and hiring the productive and satisfied employers.(J ,2012) Communication skills are important as an entrepreneurship, he should be able to explain, discuss and sell their goods and services only through a good communication. And entrepreneur should be able to effectively interact with his business team. They should express themselves very clearly and they have strong interpretation, knowledge skills to understand forms of written business communication. Marketing skills is also important as an entrepreneurship. A company achievement or stoppage is all-dependent on whether the company reaches the market, advantage the marketplace and effect in those in the marketplace choosing to purchase. Most of the failure entrepreneur has started with new services or goods and apart from that, the marketing strategy for the new offerings were not effective to attract consumers. In order to get successful outcome from the implemented strategies, an entrepreneur should implement effective marketing strategies. Entrepreneur should have some good inter personal skills, to maintain the healthy relations especially with the people they interact like customers, clients, employees, investors, lawyers and accountants as well. Healthy relationship is the main bridge which covers the gap of success. (J n.d.) An entrepreneur should have the complete basic knowledge of the resources and to use them effectively. An entrepreneur must be able to manage every section of the business and they must make sure that all the positions including managers in their business are occupied by the efficient people. Team building skills is a important skill of entrepreneur. In team building entrepreneur is the leader, as he has to build the team with efficient team member for achieving organizational goals and objectives. In order to achieve the objectives successfully, it is highly important to implement effective leadership approach. It helps the leader to manage the workforce in an effective manner. A leadership skill is very important for an entrepreneur to be successful. A leader should create and promote a strong vision of the company among the employees. In order to motivate the company employees, the leader should reciprocate with the workforce regarding their issues. Focus for the target is very much important to ensure the business success. Strength and weaknesses of an argument using examples- Following are some of the strength and weaknesses of an argument using examples- Pay attention to your customers first- It is an example of Jon Beekman a graduate from Stanford graduate school of business is the CEO and founder of Man Crates. It is about paying attention towards your customers and a concept of what the customer needs. In order to understand changing needs and requirements of the consumers, it would be better to establish a direct communication with the consumers. Customers are the main priority in making a company successful and respectful. Tomorrow is always another day- It is an example of Scott Gerber TV commentator, a serial entrepreneur and founder of young entrepreneur council (YEC). This concept emphasizes that failure influences people to do better for achieving the same objective. Now I always reduce the possible chance of stoppages by reducing the problem. Therefore, we obtain backup faster and stronger when we do face a set beck.(W ,2014) Stability of your carrier is under your control- It is an example of Kristi Hines, who is a ghostwriter, freelance writer and a professional blogger. I am the kind of person, who has applied for a job for which I was not interested. However, I have applied that job for getting a security of job. I felt it was just because I was no truly passionate about my carrier. I have learned that you should have a passion that has the power to work more. Other examples of Entrepreneurs- Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft. Steve Jobs, co-founder of apple. Mark Zuckeberg, the founder of Facebook. Pierre Omidar, founder of Ebay.(J ,2015) Linkage between the role an entrepreneur plays and necessary skills and characteristics- It is an important link among the role of an entrepreneur plays and the essential entrepreneurial characteristics or skills. It was resolute that entrepreneurs normally have high entrepreneurial characteristics and by provided that an exact management to make it the best makes use of these characters for the industrialization and the growth process can be fast and strong. Entrepreneurs natures are tested in conditions of both opening a business and their result on the kind of rights. Characteristics of entrepreneurship have been resolved as being modern, threat taker and artistic, having idea and ability of flexible functioning and being focused on top level of working. Entrepreneurs have to apply all these qualities to make development of the business on the right track and to make it more successful.(M ,2012 Conclusion- Initial stage of a business is very difficult, time consuming and life changing. There are many more things that go into in sequence than directly provided the goods or service that your business offers, you will also be liable for your business assets, caring your business and individual resources, maintaining your business official, paying taxes, maintenance report, supervision staff and more. Characteristics of entrepreneurship have been resolved as being modern, possibility user and artistic. (Davidsson ,2008) Bibliography A, T 2010, 'Role of the enterpreneur', The Three Roles of Great Entrepreneurs. B, T 2005, ' The roles of the entrepreneur',The Role of the Entrepreneur. Berry.T, 'Introduction',Introduction to enterpreneurship. Business, news and politics 2012, 'Introduction', Introduction to entrepreneurship. D, S 2010, 'Role of the enterpreneur',The Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic, vol 6, no. 1, pp. 1-19. Davidsson 2008, 'Conclusion',Some conclusions about entrepreneurship and its support. J, S 2007, 'Characteristics and skills of an entrepreneur',25 Common Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs. J, W 2012, 'Role of the enterpreneur',5 important roles for an entrepreneur. J, S 2012, 'Characteristics and skills of entrepreneur',5 Essential Skills of an Entrepreneur. J, G 2015, ' Strength and weaknesses of an argument using examples', 6 Traits Every Successful Entrepreneur Must Have. B, 'Characteristics and skill of entrepreneur', 8 traits of successful entrepreneurs--Do you have what it takes?. M, C 2012, 'Linkage between the role an entrepreneur plays and necessary skills and characteristics', Entrepreneurship Skills for Growth-Orientated Businesses, pp. 1-23. T, S 2015, 'Characteristics and skills of entrepreneur',10 Traits All Successful Entrepreneurs. W, L 2014, ' Strength and weaknesses of an argument using examples', 10 strengths of outstanding entrepreneurs.

Obesity in America Annotated Bibliography free essay sample

â€Å"Americas Obesity Epidemic. † Cartoon. BarictricFreedom, 27 June 2012. Web. 02 April 2013. The image â€Å"Americas Obesity Epidemic† is a cartoon image of Uncle Sam smoking a cigar and he is an extremely obese individual, his face looks very unhealthy and he looks nothing like the original Uncle Sam. Beside his head there is a place that indicates that he is saying something. It’s one sentence and is says â€Å"What Obesity Epidemic? † This cartoon image was made to show people that America is poorly educated on the obesity epidemic and also that America sees no problem with the obesity problem in the United States. That government along with the men and women of America are not taking the obesity epidemic seriously. Men and women do not see the dangers of being obese; America is poorly educated when it comes to the obesity epidemic. People of America know that obesity can cause problems; however, they do not know all the health risk that comes with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Obesity in America Annotated Bibliography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If obesity is causing American’s to have many health problems that can result to death, then why are Americans not already educated on this problem. Obesity in America contributes to approximately 325,000 deaths per year. It is a close second behind smoking as the leading cause of preventable deaths in America. This unown artist helps viewers understand that obesity should not be taking lightly, that something needs to change so that mean and women will know about the obesity epidemic. The only way to curb the obesity epidemic is to start by educating the people it affects. Godbout, Neil. â€Å"Tax the Producer of Junk Food, Not the Consumers. † Prince George Citizen. Prince George Citizen, 03 November 2006. Web. 02 April 2013. There are many ideas to how to help the obesity problem, one being a tax on junk food; however, should the men and women buying the junk food be taxed or the producers of the junk food? The article â€Å"Tax the Producers of Junk Food, Not the Consumers† by Neil Godbout is about how people should pay a tax on junk food in America, but who should the tax be on, the producers or the consumers of these junk foods? â€Å"People should pay more for chocolate bars, milkshakes, cookies, cakes, candy, and soda pop. The question is which people†¦who are the buyers of junk food? Once you answer that question, you get to what a junk food tax really is- a tax on the poor† (Godbout). Men and women with low income are more likely to buy junk food because of its low cost, causing them to fall victim to the producers of junk food. The consumers of junk food shouldn’t be the ones that have the tax because these men and women cannot help that they can only afford junk food. The producers of junk food are making a substantial amount of money on the sales of their product. These producers also know that their product is unhealthy and that it is a facture for causing obesity. So if these producers know that they are harming people’s health and getting rich off of it, then they should be the ones that get taxed for junk food. â€Å"But don’t just tax the producers. Go the extra mile and get aggressive, just like governments have with big tobacco. Put warnings on junk food†¦ Take some of the proceeds from junk food producers and subsidize fruit and vegetables producers, so their product are cheaper and therefore more attractive to shoppers† (Godbout). Junk food is known to be a cause for obesity. Obesity is linked to many health problems and can cause death. Since junk food is known to cause health problems then there should be a warning label that sates the health risks caused form consuming this product. If producers of junk food were taxed, the â€Å"proceeds† could go to many different things to help change the obesity epidemic. If the â€Å"proceeds† can go to helping healthier foods become cheaper than that would help the men and women with low income be able to make the right choices and help the lower class become healthier, curbing obesity in many people. Godbout’s main point for his article is to let his audience no that a tax on the consumers for junk food would just be a tax on the poor because they cannot afford the more expensive healthier foods. That the producers of junk food are making a substantial amount of money from their products even though these producers know that their product is helping cause obesity. His conclusion is that the tax should be on the producers of junk food and that the â€Å"proceeds† should go to helping make healthier food cheaper and help people health choices easier. The tax on producers is a start for helping cure obesity and that’s better than doing nothing. Hungry for Change. Dir. James Colquhoun and Laurentine Ten Bosch. 2012. Film. There are many different kinds of man-made food products. But what is really in these man-made food products? The film â€Å"Hungry for Change† directed by James Colquhoun and Laurentine Ten Bosch discusses the secrets that the food industry use to keep people coming back to their product. â€Å"We are not eating food anymore; we are eating food like products† (Dr. Alejandro Junger). The food industry is using many different kinds of chemicals to enhance and preserve food. Some of these chemicals can cause health problems and addiction. One chemical the food industry uses is called MSG. It was proved that MSG causes obesity; however, it is used in over 80% of today’s food. MSG also tricks a person’s body in to thinking it is full, but the feeling of being full only last for a short amount of time causing consumers to go back and get some more of that product. There are now so many chemicals in today’s man-made foods. These chemicals have now become an addiction to men and women everywhere. â€Å"If you addict a customer you will have a customer for life. † The producers of these foods are only worried about making money; they want consumers to come back as much as they can. They are not worried about a person’s health, they are worried about money. The goal of this film was to inform men and women on the secrets the food industry is hiding from their consumers. Klein, Sarah. â€Å"Fatty Foods May Cause Cocaine-Like Addiction. † Health Magazine. CNN. com. 30 March 2010. Web. 01 April 2013. Junk food is known to play a big part in causing obesity. So why do men and women keep going back to junk food products? The article â€Å"Fatty Foods May Cause Cocaine-Like Addiction† by Sarah Klein discusses how scientists have confirmed that junk food may be highly addictive. â€Å"A new study in rats suggest that high-fat, high-calorie foods affect the brain in much the same way as cocaine and heroin† (Klein). A study published by Paul J. Kenny, Ph. D. a professor at the Scripps Research Institute in Florida. For 40days Kenny studied three groups of lab rates, feeding them each a different kind of diet to test how the rates would react to each diet after the 40days. The first group of rates was fed â€Å"normal rate food. † The Second group groups of rates were fed â€Å"bacon, sausage, Cheesecake, frosting, and other fattening high-calorie foods- but only for one hour each day. † The last group of rates was allowed to eat unhealthy foods for up to 23 hours a day. â€Å"Not surprisingly, the rats that gorged themselves on the human food quickly became obese. But their brains also changed†¦researchers found that the rats in the third group gradually developed a tolerance to the pleasure the food gave them and had to eat more to experience a high† (Klein). Unlike the rate s that was fed normal rate food the ones in group three started to eat â€Å"compulsively. † The researchers then applied an electric shock to the rates feet while they were eating to see how each group of rates would react. When the shock was applied the rates in group one and two were scared away from eating; however, the obese rates in group three were not frightened by the shock, the rates continued to eat. The food given to the rates in group three caused the rates to act in a unusual way. â€Å"In previous studies, rates have exhibited similar bran changes when given unlimited access to cocaine or heroin† (Klein). Human food is now causing an addiction similar to cocaine and heroin. The addiction is what keeps man and women to keep coming back for more. Now that there is sings that some foods can cause addiction, people can now find a treatment to help solve the problem for food addiction and help lower obesity as well. This article lets people understand that it is not just a person’s fault for being overweight; the addiction is what is causing them to eat so much of the wrong things. Nazarko, Linda. â€Å"Increasing Obesity Awarness. † British Journal of Healthcare Assistants. (2011): n. page. Web. 02 April 2013. Being obese causes many different health problems but do mean and women really know what risk come with being obese? The article â€Å"Increasing Obesity Awareness† by Linda Nazarko discusses how the majority of people are obese and how it has become a normal thing. â€Å"It has now become normal to be overweight or obese†¦In addition, proportions of clothing have altered† (Nazarko). Clothing has changed, a size today is bigger than it was in the past, and this makes it seem normal to be overweight. Many people who are overweight or obese know that their health is at risk. Being obese causes many different health problems, psychological and physical. All the different health problems cause treatments making the cost of health care to increase. â€Å"In the past, adults produced their own food and had to work hard to feed themselves. However food is now plentiful in our socirty and physical activity levels have dropped† (Nazarko). Food is now everywhere. There is now no need for a person to grow or hunt for their food. This also takes away from the physical activity it took to grow and hunt for food. â€Å"The Government needs to act to work with the public to tackle this major public health issue† (Nazarko). If the government worked with planners and architects to make towns and cities healthy by encouraging people to walk to their destination or use stairs in buildings, it could increase activity in people’s daily life. Nazarko also discusses how the government needs to work with food industries to help reduce the unhealthy foods. Nazarko main idea is to increase obesity awareness to everyone. There are many men and women that are uneducated when it comes to obesity and do not know the issues caused from it and even how they can fix it. The best way to solve obesity is to educate the public.

Ocean pollution essays

Ocean pollution essays Oil pollution is a very large threat to the ocean and it's inhabitants. Roughly about 706 millions of oil pollute ocean waters worldwide each year. Some of the main cause's include oil spills, oil in runoff, air pollution, and even natural seeping of oil into the ocean. In 1987, more than 3.5 million tons of oil were released into the oceans around the world. Out of that only 28 percent of the spillage was accidental; the remaining 72 percent was deliberate, illegal actions. A lot of the illegal pollution is caused by cleaning of oil tanks at sea. After they are cleaned the tankers then dump the polluted water, mixed with all the oil residue, back into the ocean. Blowouts occurring at oil well heads release huge amounts of oil and gas into the ocean. The drilling vessel IXTOTI released more than 400,000 tons of oil into the Gulf of mexico over a period of 9 months after its well exploded in 1978. The most publicized of the oil spills are those caused by tanker accidents. There have been hundreds of accidents involving the spilling of million of tons of oil. Big oil spills, no matter what way they occur, reflect on the oil industry badly. The clean-up cost alone is enormous, and the amount of damages can be into the millions of dollars. Despite the clean-up efforts, once there is an oil spill, it cannot be prevented from causing major damage to wildlife and the environment. All the migrating seabirds like guillemots, puffins, and razorbills are at risk from oil pollution. During migration, they look for calm water where they rest and fish. Oil ©covered seas look calm to birds, and they land on the water by thousands, only to be trapped in the oil and die of starvation. The birds that don't become trapped usually die as well from trying to remove the oil from their feathers, the birds ingest the oil and that usually kills them in a few days. The oil that washes to shore on the beaches where seals and sea lion...

A Case for Technical Grammar Skills

A Case for Technical Grammar Skills A Case for Technical Grammar Skills A Case for Technical Grammar Skills By Mark Nichol While I was studying English in college (I later opted for a more practical course of study, and graduated with a degree in theater arts), one of the classes I took dealt with grammar. The professor’s pedagogical approach? Pass out mimeographed copies of his manuscript for a grammar textbook do you care to carbon-date the year I took this class? and spend most of each session plodding through a few pages, asking students to identify the part of speech of each word not in occasional exercises, because there weren’t any, but in the instructional text itself. This was a monumentally boring exercise for me (I never polled classmates about their opinion), and the rote teaching strategy was somewhat surprising, too, because the instructor was an engaging fellow who was also a leading actor with a prominent regional theater company. On reflection, though, it might seem the ideal approach to someone accustomed to painstakingly memorizing lines in preparation for essaying a role. (For me, who later spent considerable time doing the same, it had a perverse logic to it.) It didn’t work for me, though. I passed the class, but with only a tenuous grasp of grammar, and years later, well along in my editorial career, I was still shaky on the difference between adjectives and adverbs. Does that really matter? Is a command of parts of speech essential for writers and editors? Yes, and no. Some DailyWritingTips.com visitors praise me for writing posts about grammar. Others castigate me for boring them with the same entries. By the same token, my professor’s thespian approach to learning must have seemed ideal to some of my classmates, even as I sat there glumly disengaged, getting some parts of speech right but, as I recall, missing more than I hit. So, even though I have relied throughout my career on a more holistic approach to shaping or reshaping my prose and that of others, trusting my instincts to know whether something reads well or requires (or is at least improved by) revision, I have also acquired a great deal of technical knowledge about grammar, and have benefited from this store of lore. Another issue in the variety of responses to my posts about technical matters is that some site visitors are more experienced than others; a recent critic identified himself as a former instructor of college-level English. But for every retired academician, many readers are budding writers, would-be editors, and those for whom English is not their first language. With this disparity in mind, I try to not only cover a wide variety of topics (grammar, usage, style, technique, careers, etc.) but also discuss subjects with varying degrees of complexity. In other words, I try to please some of the people some of the time, which I think is the best I can do. And the tip for the day? Even though I do not remember my grammar class fondly, I do think it had a latent effect on my desire to understand the mechanics of language, which I had never considered before (except in isolation, when completing a worksheet in a precollegiate English class). So, even if you think of yourself as a holistic learner, rather than a technically inclined one, know your grammar vocabulary (like the difference between a dangling modifier and a misplaced modifier), and endeavor to visualize sentences as machines whose components can usually be arranged in more than way but are often discovered, in one’s writing or reading experiences, broken and awaiting repair (or doomed, on the printed page, to a perpetual state of disarray). Rely on your Zen approach to crafting or reshaping prose if it works for you, but know your tools as well. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?Cannot or Can Not?Sit vs. Set

Marketing Strategy for the redevelopment of Tottenham Court Road Essay

Marketing Strategy for the redevelopment of Tottenham Court Road - Essay Example tal marketing according to Peattie (1992), who says Green Marketing should mix with any other marketing that a marketing manager would like to focus upon because Green Marketing is â€Å"The management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying the requirements of customers and society, in a profitable and sustainable way.† (p. 11). It is the high priority marketing of our generation. But Lovelock (2000) insists on service marketing, because continuous services are necessary in modern economy. He quotes Albrecht: â€Å"Ours is a service economy and it has been one for some time† (p. 1). Fundamental strategic position of marketing in this context depends on the uncertainty created by present global trend. Such consideration â€Å"†¦has been attributed to the increased uncertainty that businessmen feel these days when they can contemplate the future – what will government intrusion, roaring inflation, or the sudden appearance of competition from abroad do to them next?† Weitz and Wensley (1984, p.1). Strategic Marketing suits here due to the importance and all-encompassing significance of the region involved. It is necessary because of the high level in which marketing is conducted and marketing here is aiming at a very long term commitment from customers. They are built-in spaces and immediate disposal or re-disposal is not possible. In many cases, it could be a life-time commitment with investment and cannot be taken lightly hence, time horizon has to be taken into consideration. â€Å"Strategies last for long periods of time, while tactics have short durations. Strategic plans might have a ten year horizon, in contrast to annual marketing plans that deal primarily with tactical issues,† ibid (p.3). Marketing under these circumstances cannot be abrupt due to its ongoing nature. It will be a long term commitment by my firm and new opportunities or threats to opportunities keep appearing for a long time and it is necessary for the marketing

Karla Homolka English Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Karla Homolka English - Research Paper Example With both of them participating in the murders, the role of Karla Homolka in the crimes was figured out vaguely, as there were differences of opinion regarding her contribution to those murders. This paper will chronicle her life starting from her early years, her marriage to Paul Benardo, rape and murder of the girls, finishing with the investigation, conviction and her eventual release. Early life Karla Homolka was born to Dorothy and Karel Homolka in 1970 as the eldest of three daughters in the Canadian town of Port Credit, Ontario. She went to Sir Winston Churchill Secondary School and even while going to the school, Karla worked as a part-time employee at a local pet shop. She graduated in the year 1988, and got employment as a veterinary assistant in Thorold Veterinary Clinic in Ontario. She did a similar job at the Mardinale Animal Clinic as well. â€Å"Karla developed a passion for animals and after high school she went to work at a veterinary clinic† (Montaldo). Thus, when one focuses on Karla’s early life, it appears that she lived a normal life, without exhibiting any negative or even psychotic tendencies. However, it all started to change when he married Paul Bernado. Marriage to Paul Bernado Karla as part of her job attended a pet convention in Toronto in the spring of 1987. During that visit, Karla, just 17 at that time, met 23-year-old Paul Bernardo in a â€Å"suburban hotel restaurant outside of Toronto and she fell for Paul, immediately.† (biography.com). They had sex on their first meeting and as their relationship started to develop, they â€Å"discovered that they shared the same sado-masochistic desires,† (Montaldo). Because of this ‘extremity’ in their relationship, Paul assumed the role of a ‘master’, with Karla willingly assuming the role of a ‘slave’, who has no problems in fulfilling her husband’s extreme fantasies. One of these extreme ‘fantasies’ o nly leads to their first murder - the murder of Karla’s own younger sister, Tammy Homolka. Rape and the murders Three years into their relationship, Paul starts to become obsessed with Tammy and to abuse her, he gets Karla’s help. One of Paul's constant complaints with Karla was that she was not a ‘virgin’ when they met and so she becomes ‘devoted’ to pleasing Paul in every way possible. (Montaldo). Using this weakness of Karla, Paul openly expressed his feelings for Tammy, and also convinces Karla to aid him in raping her. â€Å"It was, therefore, from his point of view, her responsibility to make it possible for Paul to take the virginity of†¦Tammy without her knowledge or consent.† (Bardsley). Karla wrongly accepts this flawed logic, and decides to make or force Tammy into being a sort of ‘surrogate virgin’ for her. In their first attempt in July 1990, Karla serves Tammy, a spaghetti dinner mixed with heavy doses of Valium, which was stolen from her workplace. â€Å"Bernardo rapes Tammy for about a minute before she starts to wake up† and so they temporarily abandon their plan then, waiting for another opportunity. ("Key events in the Bernardo/Homolka case"). Then, six months before their marriage, at a Christmas party at Karla parent’s house, Karla first mixes sedative Halcyon in the alcoholic drinks of Tammy. After the party was over and family members retired, the husband and wife duo took Tammy to the basement, with Karla holding a cloth soaked with Halothane over Tammy's mouth. (Becker, 2005). There, Paul with Karla

APA citation and zotero Essay Example for Free

APA citation and zotero Essay 1. A general â€Å"res earch s hows† type of statement that is supported by at least three different sources (e.g., three research articles) Zotero is an extension of Firefox web browser that enables users to save on books, article and other materials on which one is able to retrieve their citations (Morton, 2011; Vanhecke, 2008; Lewis, 2008)               2. A paraphrased sentence citing a single source with three to six authors Zotero retrieve and imports citation information from a number of sources such as newspaper, and commercial Web sites, and Web-based databases such as PubMed (Trinoskey, Brahmi, Gall, 2009, p. 225).                3. A subsequent sentence citing the same source as in Step 2 that correctly uses et al Air pollution is low in developed countries comapared to industrialised countries where it is high as evidenced by particular locations in Canada (Hystad et al, 2011, p. 1128).                4. A short quoted passage that is cited correctly. Make sure to include the page number and place the punctuation correctly He argues that, â€Å"Zotero’s note-taking feature is very practical. Users can enter small notes on a particular reference by simply typing in an input field. These notes are saved automatically and organized in conjunction with the citation information,† (Vanhecke, 2008, p. 275).                  5. A second quoted passage that is 40 words long or longer, which is formatted correctly as a block quote and cited correctly with the page number and punctuation placed correctly He explains how Zotero note taking works: Zotero’s note-taking feature is very practical. Users can enter small notes on a particular reference by simply typing in an input field. In addition, Zotero is integrated with Microsoft Word and other word processors and works in all computers formats (PC, Mac, and Linux). Features such as formatted citation export make it very simple for users to create a list of references in the perfect format desired for a manuscript or other use. Users can create a reference list by dragging and dropping citations, (Vanhecke, 2008 p. 275) References Hystad, P., Setton, E., Cervantes, A., Poplawski, K., Deschenes, S., Brauer, M., Demers, P. (2011). Creating National Air Pollution Models for Population Exposure Assessment in Canada. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(8), 1128 Lewis, L. A. (2008). From the Front Lines: An Academic Librarian Reports on the Impact of APAs New Electronic References Guidelines. Reference User Services Quarterly, 48(2), 128-131. Morton, A. (2011). Digital Tools: Zotero and Omeka. Journal Of American History, 98(3), 952 Trinoskey, J., Brahmi, F. A., Gall, C. (2009). Zotero: A Product Review. Journal Of Electronic Resources In Medical Libraries, 6(3), 225. Vanhecke, T. E. (2008). Zotero. Journal Of The Medical Library Association, 96(3), 275 Source document

Time And Technology Essay -- essays research papers fc

RESEARCH QUESTION How did telecommunications advance from the end of the 1800’s to the end of the 1900’s ? THESIS Telecommunications have revolutionized business and communication between people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the beginning of time communication has always been a crucial part in our societies for development. Without communication there was no or little development, people did not know what was out there, and what was available. It is communication that has developed our large and very intricate societies with different institutions communicating for the welfare of our people. People have always strived for contact with other people. Man wants to know his surroundings and with the arrival of telecommunications this became possible very quickly all over the world. Telecommunications is one of the reason we live in such a fast-pace and high-tech society today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first invention in the telecommunications field is the telegraph. It was invented by Samuel Morse and utilizes an electrical current to send signals in the shaped of dot and lines called the Morse Code. It was first used in 1844 and it was mainly reserved for companies which needed information quickly such as banks, this helped them grow and more efficient. With the telegraph one could pass a message across any distance almost effortlessly and it was cheap, so the need for this kind of communication was already there. This new medium also meant that even people which were not rich could send a message very far without having to pay incredible amount of money. The whole world began to expand their telegraph networks and soon Europe and the United States had connecting transatlantic marine lines under the Atlantic. Information has always meant power and wealth and it is no wonder that telegram traffic became an important economical as well as political tool. In earlier times it would takes days if not weeks for news to reach certain countries or other parts of our world and in some cases this proved to be disastrous for business and economy, but now the whole world could pinpoint every event that happened around the world in a matter of hours if not minutes. Business deal could be closed quicker and markets could grow with international influence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then in about 30 years or so in the mid 1870’s the telephone was inven... ... the world is becoming a smaller place. The question is what is next?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Never before have people communicated and done business as much as now, and as frequently as now. After researching about the telecommunications it is fair to say that telecommunications did have a huge impact on the way our society communicates, and in the way we conduct our lives. It was hard to find any contradicting evidence to my thesis statement and most of the information I found concluded that business and communications have been revolutionized by telecommunications. The outcome of wars, business transactions, relationships have changed and depended upon communications, and together with this great change of communications so did these events change. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lorenz. D. â€Å"How the world became smaller†. History Today. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Telegraph† Microsoft Encarta 95. Funk & Wagnalls Corporation (1994). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Telecommunications† Microsoft Encarta 95. Funk & Wagnalls Corporation (1994). 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Telephone† Microsoft Encarta 95. Funk & Wagnalls Corporation (1994).

Development Plan Reflection Essay

Whilst reading various sources on the importance of reflecting after an experience I came across some wise words, that of Aitchison and Graham cited in Stoobants et al (2007:30) that say, â€Å"We do not learn from experience. Experience has to be arrested, examined, analysed, considered and negotiated in order to shift it to knowledge†. With these words in mind I began to see why it is important to reflect on my first MBA assignment. I see the MBA course as a learning journey, it is through reflecting on my past experiences that I will easily identify my strengths and weaknesses and thus easily identify areas that I should concentrate on developing during my MBA journey. In this assignment you will read about an experience that happened during the early stages of my career as a manager. I will analyse and discuss how this experience has led to where I am today and how it has affected my plans going forward in both my personal and working life. This was in year 2010. I was asked to act in the role of Management Accountant as my manager at that time resigned. I was then already hungry for more challenges and so I gladly accepted without hesitation as I was determined to prove that I am ready for it. Later that day it suddenly dawned on me that it was going to be challenging with the many vacancies in the team (Refer to Appendix 1 for the team structure). With this challenge in mind, I rearranged the team in order for it to work better. We embarked n the annual budget process later that year which did not go well as we did not complete the budget presentation within the stipulated timelines, did not get to analyse the critic all the numbers thoroughly and as a result the region was not ready for presenting the annual budget on time to Head Office. Post the experience below are the key things that I took out of that experience that I thought would enable me to manage teams better going forward: * Ensure that adequate training on the system is provided and requesting the business to provide more IT support people even outside of business hours during the budget process. Learn to lead and delegate and know that I cannot juggle my role and others as I can only achieve so such myself as I was doing most of the work that needed to be done by the Financial Planner: Benrose. * Seek advice from manager and not be afraid to ask for coaching. * Plan better around the timelines to take into account inexperience of some of my team members e. g. Plan a trial run presentation * Be more assertive as I realised that as a manager I could have negotiating additional resources since our headcount was lean so as not to compromise our deliverables. After having been through my first workshop at Henley, I liked Belbin (1981)’s team role model that was presented and in his book where he goes on to look at why management teams succeed or fail which I ironically discovered lying in my parents study and till now never bothered to even look at. He identifies 9 team roles in 3 categories. The action orientated people (Shapers, Implementers and Complete finishers). The thought orientated people (Co-ordinators, Teamworkers and Resource investigators). The last group are the people orientated (Specialists, Monitor evaluators (MEs) and plants). Had I applied his model to understand my team dynamics prior to starting the budget process, I would have seen that I had gaps in key roles that prevented us from completing the task on time. Please note the below roles assigned to my team members are just based on my own perception based on how I know them not based on the questionnaire that is normally completed. AFP – Implementer and Resource Investigator (She was the organiser for the team and was good at providing new knowledge or something new discovered whilst working on the new system and she would share it with the rest of the team) * FP Midrand – Plant and Resource Investigator (He was creative and generally looked at issues, he was cheerful and enthusiastic individual but was easily distracted and would want to start looking at new things without completing a task) * Me – Specialist and Monitor Evaluator. These were my top 2 roles from the results of the questionnaire I completed for my first workshop at Henley. I was a specialist in the team because I had more knowledge of the business and finance than my team. In retrospect, I would have been able to easily match the correct people with the rights tasks. I also could have put plans in place to ensure the following: * I had no shaper in the team. Belbin describes a shaper as generally someone able to drive a team and give direction – not having this I think contributed to us missing the deadline. So in requesting additional resources (e. . a temp person the business would have allowed) I could have ensured that I selected someone who is a shaper or developed more of shaper qualities in myself. * As we did not get to critically analyse the numbers prior our submission, if we had someone strong on being a completer finisher in the group chances of us submitting quality information would have been high as this role is effectively used at the end of a task, to â€Å"polish† and scrutinise the work for errors. I would definitely use this to my advantage going forward in my team tasks going forward.

Marketing and Fitness Center Essay

Our fitness is located in Cockeysville, Maryland, and provides fitness services to people of all age, level, and expertise. The main purpose of â€Å"Our Fitness† is to promote healthy lifestyles by providing knowledge on nutrition and exercising habits. â€Å"Our Fitness† is well known for it’s excellent services and aims to extend the business by providing two additional services. First, we will start fitness classes for people above 55 years old. These fitness classes are conducted to provide a comfortable environment for people above 55 to promote exercising habits and healthy lifestyles. Second, our fitness center will have our own restaurant next to the fitness center specifically designed for the members. Our fitness center’s restaurant will provide low fat, low calorie, and high protein and fiber food specially designed for promoting healthy eating habits. Strategically, Our fitness’s primary market target will consist of people over 55 and mostly retirees. Our secondary target market includes college and high school students. a. Three ways that determined these products and/or services would be the most feasible and potentially profitable for the company to add are: 1. Placement 2. Trends 3. IS the profit margin large enough to make money but small enough for your â€Å"target audience† to afford? Placement Placement or location is one of the most important factors in attracting and retaining customers. Everybody prefers easier and more convenient way to purchase products or services. Therefore, â€Å"Our Fitness† uses the placement approach to connect the products and services with the customer by making services and products more convenient and more accessible to the customers. Our fitness is located in the business area as well as densely populated  residential area with three different universities and one community college. On the other hand, there are only two fitness centers in the area with very expensive membership and maintenance service fees. Overall, this fitness center will be in the center of public places. At the same time, Our fitness center’s restaurant will be only one diet concerned restaurant in the area. Therefore, using competitive advantage through the introduction of two new services will help to retain old members as well as to attract new members in the area. 2. Trends People want to live longer and look good following healthy habits. It is very important to identify the market trends to assess the market potential. Understanding the market trends helps to respond according to customer behaviors as well as to develop sustainability. On the other hand, it also helps to analyze our competition and market potential. Different fitness centers are using different approaches to attract new members as well as to retain existing members. We have to understand that new members want new services. It is not possible to satisfy the consumers without understanding their needs. There is a fierce competition in the market to increase customer satisfaction by introducing new products/services. At the same time, there are many unsatisfied consumers who always change producers or owners because of unsatisfactory service or products. In our case, we even lost many members because of same services since last couple of years. So, we introduce our products/services as a result of customer survey and market research. Our market research and survey strategy will play a vital role to grow our target market in the future. 3.Is the profit margin large enough to make money but small enough for your â€Å"target audience† to afford? The profit margin is large enough to make money because we have young people who spend a great amount of money on food. You also have the retirees who spend a huge amount of money on good health. Also, these days people are more health conscious and follow healthy habits. Exercising and healthy eating are the main priorities of many people. The target audience will be able to afford it because it is a comfortable environment that promotes exercising habits and a healthy lifestyle which allows positive energy to follow. b. Competitive advantage is created through the understanding of your competitors and their products and services. One of the competitive advantages of Our Fitness is fitness classes especially designed for people over 55 as well as restaurant service for members with unique menus and special price. All fitness centers provide classes and specialty training but many do not have classes that target an older age audience. We want our members to feel more comfortable working out and training with people of the same experience level. On the other hand, people over 55 are the ones who spend more money on healthcare, and we aim to reduce their healthcare costs by engaging them with age specific and specialty classes. Our on site restaurant will provide nutrition rich health foods and diet services to members as well as other guests. It will be restricted to members only after one or two years, because we are using the restaurant as advertising to increase membership. A2. I will focus on newspapers for advertising, which reach a broad, geographically-targeted market. These ads will be focused to attract people who are 55 or older because they rely heavily on newspapers. Newspaper advertising is low-cost and involves short timelines. At the same time, this type of marketing channel will reach the total circulation, even if only a portion fits our prospective profile. I will also use Facebook as a marketing tool; Facebook is still, far and away, the most popular, with the most evenly-distributed demographics of any social media platform. Facebook is the only social media platform that you need, no matter what field your business is in. The main reason to use Facebook to advertise is the use of Facebook by all age people. In addition to ease of use, Facebook ads and business pages are cost effective, reliable, and very quickly disseminated to all users. Finally, we will rely heavily on word-of-mouth advertising, as personal reviews are often the most trusted form of information. This marketing tool can also be used to reach the secondary market, visiting colleges and advertising our job opportunities as well as membership benefits. A3. Price is the value that you exchange for a product or service. Pricing objectives should align with the company’s goals and can be affected by factors such as competition, consumer reaction, and other regulatory requirements. Generally, other fitness centers charge $59 per month as service fee and $55 per personal training class in the area. So, we need to provide service for lower prices than our competitors. On the other hand, it is very important to understand the demand of product or services before pricing because there is a direct relationship between price and demand. Our main pricing objective is to maximize the revenue and quantity. This objective helps to maximize long-term profits by lowering costs and increasing market share. Penetration pricing will be used to maximize the sales of quantity by means of a low price. First, we will cut the one time member fee for all new members, so that they have to pay monthly fee only, which will be $39.99 per month. At the same time, for new members and existing members, who are 55 years or older, will have to pay only $15 per fitness class. The price may be gradually increased after establishing market share and customer loyalty. We will use cost-plus pricing method because it makes easier to calculate the selling price for our services/products. Since, our production cost per membership per month is $20.00, and $4 per fitness class. Therefore, our profit per person in membership is $20 and $11 in fitness class per person. Our goal is to add 100 new members in the first month and increase to 500 within next six months. Therefore, our revenue will increase by $2000 from membership in the first month. Similarly, we will provide competitively cheaper price for foods and drinks comparing to local restaurants. We will also offer promotional pricing, discounts and coupons for the restaurant and fitness center to attract more customers. Our overall goal will be to maximize the number of consumers to increase the quantity of sale. If we can maximize the number of consumers, then we can maximize the revenue as well as profit. A4. Customer relationship management (CRM) is the combination of technologies, strategies, and practices used by companies to manage customer interactions and improve customer relationship. The main goal of CRM is to improve  business relationships with customers by retaining customer retention and increasing sales growth. Ngai stated that â€Å"the purpose of CRM system is the building of relationships in order to affect the customer acquisition, retention, loyalty and profitability† (Ngai, 2005). I would like to use Salesforce as CRM system. Salesforce is a cloud-based CRM system, and doesn’t need special installation and hardware. This system can be very cost effective by keeping IT cost low. CRM system like Salesforce can track the history of customer interactions and helps to grow our business. The system track includes calls, emails, presentations, meetings, or even the further step to close the deal. Salesforce can also track the deal details including the worth, competitor, and the stage of deal with automatic deal updates at a glance to close the deal. Salesforce can drive the process, productivity, and consistency by using sales app to map the sales and forecasting stages. It is equiped with quoting capabilities to track the quantity, standard and quoted price, product code, and expected sales in a given period. In addition, company’s e-mail, phone or website can be used to track customer inquiries and history of their activities. Salesforce provides customer relationship data with automatic updated instant access of full customer history of all communications. It also helps to create customized pitch documents about consumers and prospects and can focus sales staff’s attention on the right consumers. Cross-selling and up-selling opportunities become clear through better understanding of consumers and increase their satisfaction. Satisfied consumers are likely to become loyal consumers and common referrals. It can also be beneficial to the customer because it can provide email updates, alerts, referrals, discount coupons, and special events and promotions. Overall, Salesforce tracking system will be very useful in controlling and managing the inquiries and sales of products and services. A5. It is not possible to open any new business without incurring risks, and opening a new restaurant with established fitness center is no different. Financial risk is one of the most difficult risks associated with any new business. â€Å"Financial risk has been defined as any risk that has a direct impact on net cash flows† (Cabedo and Tirado, 2004). This includes problems  related to price, credit, inflation, liquidity, and potential losses due to changes in financial markets and defaulting large scale debtors (Meulbrook, 2000). There are also risks with opening a new restaurant. Our Fitness center require a large amount of capital upon opening, in order to hire additional staff, purchase high-end fitness equipment, and advertise the restaurant to local fitness and healthy food seekers. Personal injury is another significant risk of operating a gym and adding fitness classes especially to people of 55 or older who are more prone to injury. Aside from the legal aspect, injuries in our gym could cause a bad reputation, particularly if they are recurring. It is critical to maintain a good reputation to sell our fitness services and get people into our restaurant. At the same time, improving the quality of our existing services along with adding new specialty services and products is very critical, and is one of the most important aspects of business. Factors such as product contamination, product safety, business integrity, and failure to maintain high standards, may reduce demand for our business. The reputation of the company plays a vital role in our forward progress. Therefore, poor product quality or services may damage our reputation and could limit business activities as well as increase our operating costs. On the other hand, there is always a risk of substitute of products and services in the market. It is very important to study the market and meet consumer needs before launching any new business. A6. The most common risk associated with not launching the new products or services will be the lack of competitive advantage at the Our Fitness center.  Introducing new services and opening a new restaurant will provide the competitive advantage that we seek and will help to expand the business and satisfy existing members. Customer preferences and tastes change with time, it is necessary to meet their needs and tastes to increase the demand for our products/services. Therefore, the new restaurant will aim to compliment our new services/products and satisfy consumer demands. If we are unable to launch the new services/products into the market and meet the consumer needs, then it will not only negatively affect Our Fitness’s financial performance but it may increase by operating costs, and change  consumer perceptions about our existing services Innovation can be a key differentiator between Our Fitness and our rivals. Therefore, if Our Fitness will not launch new services then, it might run the risk of losing ground to competitors, losing key staff, decreased membership, or simply operating inefficiently. As a whole, Our Fitness financial performance could be adversely affected without new products/services, and in the end lead to its closure. References Cabedo, J. D. and Tirado, J. M. (2004), â€Å"The disclosure of risk in financial statements†, Accounting Forum, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 181-200. Meulbrook, L. (2000), Total strategies for company-wide risk control, Financial Times, London. Ngai. 2005. Customer relationship management research. Marketing intelligence & planning, 23 (6): 582-605. he Feasibility Study’s Purpose ï‚ · Evaluate the nature, scale and economics of constructing an indoor recreation center within the Area ï‚ · Identify the potential audience/supporting membership of an indoor recreation center within the Area ï‚ · Assess what amenities/programming would be most logical to provide as part of a recreation center ï‚ · Explore the physical characteristics of various sites on which the recreation center could be constructed 1 Evaluate potential funding sources available to support short-term and long-term Recreation Center alternatives

Problems of Inequality and Poverty in Finance The WritePass Journal

Problems of Inequality and Poverty in Finance Abstract Problems of Inequality and Poverty in Finance AbstractIntroductionThe Impact of Financial Development on Income InequalityThe Use of Microfinance for Poverty AlleviationConclusionReferencesRelated Abstract Inequality and poverty are realities for the majority of developing economies around the world. Intuitively, financial development leading to economic growth should have a positive relationship between the reduction of income inequality (and therefore social inequality) and poverty eradication. Successful regulation of the financial sector leading the economic and political stability will have the effect of increasing access to capital through increased foreign direct investment. In this way FDI can be used to improve access to microfinance which has been identified by the UNDP and developing countries as a primary strategy to poverty eradication as a long-term goal. Introduction Literature on poverty alleviation notes that levels of poverty can be decomposed in two distinct ways. The first is through rapid economic growth and the second is though a change in the distribution of income in that economy (Bourguignon, 2004). This literature acknowledges the inherent link between poverty alleviation, economic growth and income redistribution. In terms of statistical representation, Besley and Burgess (2003) prove that in order for alleviation of poverty to occur, developing countries need to effect an annual growth of 3.8% in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in order to half poverty in the next decade which is currently less than half the average growth recorded in recent decades. Therefore although financial development has been shown to produce faster rates of economic growth, literature still remains largely unconvinced of the link between financial development and poverty alleviation (Beck et al., 2004). It goes without saying that income inequality perpetuat es social inequality by affording lower-income groups limited access to necessities, commodities, health and education which in turn creates a recurring cycle of poverty and inequality in itself. This paper therefore aims to explore the link between financial development and inequality in poverty alleviation with a particular focus on developing countries in Africa. The central hypothesis of this paper asserts that if there is a positive relationship between financial development and the reduction of income inequality, financial development can be used as a means of alleviating poverty in developing countries. The Impact of Financial Development on Income Inequality The impact of financial development on the reduction of income inequality is not settled in current research outcomes, with certain models implying that development enhances opportunities for growth and reduces inequality. However, that this reduction is hampered by imperfections in the financial markets with factors such as credit restraints impeding the flow of capital to poorer individuals and communities, therefore enforcing inequality in income and intensifying the wealth disparity in these developing economies (Beck et al., 2004). According to these models, financial development plays the role of reducing these credit restraints and therefore improving the availability of capital for redistribution in lower-income groups and thereby accelerating growth. Contrary to these models however, Haber et al. (2003) note that in low-income countries, poorer members of society remain in rural areas and therefore rely on access to capital through family connections and as a result, financial development will only result in assisting the high-income end of the spectrum. Overall therefore, this may have a negative impact on income inequality. Evidence from developed economies suggest a nonlinear approach to financial development which asserts that at higher levels of economic development, there is increasing wealth available to a larger percentage of the population which may have the effect of offsetting this negative impact (Greenwood Jovanovic, 1990). The problematic element of this nonlinear model is that reaching higher levels of economic development may take substantial economic growth over a long-period of time, which does little to address immediate concerns of income inequality. Indicators of financial development include the improvement of information and transactions costs, and the availability and distribution of capital. For developing countries, which often experience a lack of availability of credit, there is a larger reliance on foreign direct investment and private credit institutions to provide capital. In these regions there is a large reliance on micro-finance institutions (MFIs) to improve the access to capital for low-income groups. Case studies in developing countries have proven that access to microfinance has a positive impact on poverty alleviation and income inequalities (Meagher, 2002). Practice however has shown that MFI access is in itself problematic as it requires strict regulation of the financial services industry in that country in order to ensure both consumer and investor protection (Omino, 2005). The success of MFIs in providing access to capital relies heavily on a coherent strategy by the government of the country through the c entral banking institution or primary financial regulation authority. The Use of Microfinance for Poverty Alleviation One could argue that the use of microfinance as a means of poverty reduction and income redistribution is a moot point, as it has been popularly acknowledged as a primary long-term strategy for the eradication of poverty. The United Nations Development Programme prioritized microfinance as part of their broader international agenda as a measure of poverty alleviation (UNDP, 1997). As part of this international mandate, the UNDP provided avenues where commercial financial institutions could gain funding from the UNDP as a means of providing microfinance to low-income families with comparatively lower repayment demands and in doing so, catering for the social economic burdens carried by the nationals of the countries involved (UNDP, 2004). This agenda is one that has been adopted by financial regulation authorities in developing countries. The Central Bank of Liberia, for example has adopted a new regulatory framework which provides a unified approach to regulation of the financial sec tor with a specific focus on MFIs, acknowledge the mandate of the UNDP to make use of these institutions for wealth redistribution and poverty eradication (Central Bank of Liberia, 2009), which was a goal specifically supported by the United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDP, 2008). The support for these forms of financing institutions is not specific to Liberia with the UNDP and UNCDP offering similar support to other developing countries around the world, with a specific focus on improving financial development through effective regulation in the sector. The rationale behind the use of MFIs as a primary means of poverty reduction lies in the access that it gives to lower income groups to encourage small business. This acts as a grassroots approach to wealth redistribution and therefore the use of MFIs has been identified as a primary method of poverty alleviation in developing countries, such as Liberia (Central Bank of Liberia, 2005). Financial development through the use of non-traditional means of providing access to credit for lower-income groups requires unified regulation of the banking sector in developing countries. This necessitates a hierarchical approach to regulation which effectively regulates the relationship between the national financial policy of the country, macroeconomic financial institutions and MFIs. The effect of consistent regulation in this way has the effect of stabilizing the economy of the country, as an unstable economic environment generates inflation which has a proven effect on microenterprise that is more severe than established, wealthier companies or corporations (Franks, 2000). Therefore ensuring a stable economic environment is essential to continued wealth redistribution and ultimately poverty alleviation. A case study of the Philippines further showed that the investment in poverty alleviation in this way enhanced the economic and political resources of the average household and as a result had a positive effect on social capital and cooperation through the encouragement of production and industry (Quinones Siebel, 2000). This in turn had a positive effect on the political stability in this region which further encourages foreign direct investment (FDI) in the economy of the country. The knock-on effect of FDI in developing countries is self-explanatory with a positive result on economic growth and greater access to capital. An unfortunate reality however faces many African nations which represents the converse situation, where many years of poor financial management have led to inherent corruption within the system and in order to make use of the available support offered by the UNDP and UNCDP, these countries require a significant financial overhaul which is low on the priority lis t for many countries. This is particularly true of developing countries that have suffered the effects of oil wealth, which has had a negative overall effect on economic growth despite an abundance of natural resources which has compounded wealth disparity and poverty (Mahdavy, 1970). Conclusion The evidence presented in this paper shows that there are a number of factors required for financial development to positively contribute to a reduction of income inequality (and therefore social inequality) and poverty eradication. The most important factor is effective and unified regulation of the financial sector of the country, which will have the effect of stabilizing the economy and therefore stabilizing interest rates, but also in the stabilization of the political climate in the country. Theoretically, this positions these economies favorably in terms of FDI which will have the effect of increasing the amount of capital available for redistribution. By redistributing wealth at a lower-income level, the nonlinear financial effects of economic growth can be expedited with a realistic alternative to gradual wealth distribution in favour of bottom-up wealth creation.   In this way, financial development tackles the problem of wealth disparity and the associated poverty levels from a top-down and bottom-up approach which can reasonably be expected to increase the rate of economic growth, and doing so in a manner that does not rely on singular capital redistribution that may be plagued by imperfections in financial markets. In this way, financial development can be used as a means of alleviating income inequalities and poverty levels in developing countries. References Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A. Levine, R. (2004) Finance, Inequality and Poverty: Cross Country Evidence. NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 10979 Besley, T. Burgess, R. (2003) Halving Global Poverty. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17, pp. 3-22. Bourguignon, F. (2004) The Poverty-Growth-Inequality Triangle. World Bank mimeo. Central Bank of Liberia (2005) Integrating Financial Services into Poverty Reduction Strategies: Institutional Experience of Liberia West-African Regional Workshop, Monrovia: CBL Central Bank of Liberia (2009) Microfinance Policy and Regulatory Supervisory Framework for Liberia Monrovia: CBL Franks, J. (2000) Macroeconomic Stabilization and the Microentrepreneur. Journal of Microfinance, 2, pp. 69-91 Greenwood, J. Jovanovic, B. (1990) Financial Development, Growth, and the Distribution of Income, Journal of Political Economy, 98, pp. 1076-1107 Haber, S., Razo, A. Maurer, N. (2003) The Politics of Property Rights: Political Instability, Credible Commitments, and Economic Growth in Mexico. Cambridge University Press. Mahdavy, H. (1970) ‘The Patterns and Problems of Economic Development in Rentier States: The Case of Iran’ In Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East, ed. M. A. Cook. London: Oxford University Press Meagher, P. (2002) Microfinance Regulation in Developing Countries: A Comparative Review of Current Practice Maryland: IRIS Centre Omino, F. (2005) Regulation and Supervision of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya.   Essays on Regulation and Supervision, Central Bank of Kenya, No. 5 Quinones, B., Seibel, H. (2000) Social capital in microfinance: Case studies in the Philippines.   Policy Sciences, 33, pp. 421-433 United Nations Development Programme (1997) Microstart Programme Geneva: UNDP