The Changing role of women in Britain since 1900

Target 1: How useful is source A as evidence about attitudes towards suffragettes in 1908? Explain your answer using source and knowledge from your studies. The attitudes towards suffragettes in 1908 were mixed; everyone had their own opinions of them. Some people were very supportive on what they were doing and some of them had a very negative response. In source A there is a picture of a ‘suffragette demonstrations in London 1908'. Underneath the source the source it states â€Å"Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst leading a demonstration which 200,00 people are said to have attended.† This source does not give enough evidence to prove this statement. I explain why. In this picture it shows me the suffragettes having a peaceful demonstration they are smiling and at the same time getting what they want to say across, from my knowledge and understanding suffragettes were seen as violent and they were seen as a very confrontational group. In the source booklet under The WSPU- the suffragettes it tells me that In 1903 Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters formed a breakaway group called the Women's social and political union (WSPU), that was to campaign for the parliamentary vote for women on the same terms as it was granted to men, or would be in the future, their motto was â€Å"deeds not words† yet the photo paints a different picture. In source booklet source 6 under Suffragette tactics it tells me that in 1908 the suffragettes would start occasional attacks on properties such as breaking windows, etc. But yet again from source A I cannot see this. The source also states, â€Å"200,000 people are said to have attended† From source A it seems to me that at least only 1,000 people attended. In this source I can see only one policeman and he looks quite peaceful and undisturbed. If this were a demonstration where 200,000 people are said to have attended there would be hundreds of policemen on sight. This photo is very unreliable to its statement. The source says that Ms Pankhurst lead the campaign yet there is no proof to prove this. This is supposed to be a demonstration but from my understanding a demonstration is 1) an outward showing or feeling. 2) A public meeting or a march for political or moral response. 3) A show of military force. If this was a demonstration you would have seen exactly what they were demonstration from the use of banners and posters or even photos but I cannot see any of this. This photo (source A) is very unreliable and does not give enough evidence to represent that it was a suffragette demonstration in London 1908. This source is not useful evidence about suffragettes in 1908. Target 2:Source D and E are both from 1910, yet they give different views about the campaign to gain women the vote. Which is the most reliable source for investigating people's attitudes in 1910 towards the campaign? Source D is an article from the daily sketch (newspaper) in 1910. It is about a demonstration made by women in 1910. This article is anti-suffragette; it's against women for what they are doing. This article is about a suffragist attack on the House of Commons. The title â€Å"DISCRACEFUL SCENES†, and â€Å"120 arrests† gives you a dreadful view of the suffragettes. This source is also very negative against women because it puts them down. In the first passage it states â€Å"they caused even more violent scenes then before†. This gives you the impression that they were always violent and aggressive and that's all they were good for. Also in the first passage it states â€Å"It was a picture of shameless recklessness†. This makes the women look disgraceful and outrageous. In Passage two the first four lines say, † One campaigner sprawled in the mud to the obvious disgust of decent men and the obvious delight of others†. This gives me the idea that some people found it a revolting and thought they were shameful, but yet some people saw it a something very positive. This source is very negative towards the suffragettes and makes them appear violent and shameful. This really affected the way people viewed the suffragettes. Source E is in favour of the suffragettes and are for the vote for women. This source is a postcard issued by the suffragettes in 1910. This postcard shows what a women may be, such as a mayor, a mother a doctor or even a teacher and still not have vote, then goes on to show what a man may be, such as a convict a lunatic, unfit for service or even a drunkard but yet still get the vote. Women were put in a lower category then these types of men; Suffragettes saw this as an insult. However I feel that both Source D and Source E are very reliable for investigating people's attitudes towards the campaign, but I think the most common attitude towards the suffragettes at that time was Source D. Source D gives the most relevant information and is the most reliable source because these were the negative attitudes shown towards the suffragettes at this period of time. The community didn't like to see women behaving as men or behaving inappropriately it made them look bad. This source investigates the minority of people's attitudes towards suffragettes in 1910 but at the same time remains relevant for the investigation of people's attitudes towards suffragettes in 1910. Target 3: Without the First World War women would have not gained the right to vote in 1918†³ Do you agree or disagree with this interpretation? I agree with this interpretation. I believe that women would have never gained the vote without the First World War. So many men had gone of to war that the women were needed to fill their places this increased the number of women in the industry. The war made it adequate for women to work such jobs. People believed that women shouldn't be prohibited from doing work they are fit for. While the men were sent of to war, women showed how equally they worked to men, the leaders saw this as an opportunity to show what women were capable of, they showed how capable they were of doing what was seen as a man's jobs. The suffragettes broke the stereotype of how people viewed women, women were seen as housewives, they stayed home and cook and look after the kids. Men also thought that they didn't have the intelligence or intellect to do a â€Å"mans job†. In Source 27 on the source sheet written by E.S. Montague, Minister of munitions, in 1916 he states that: â€Å"Women of every station†¦. have proved themselves able to undertake work that before the war was regarded as solely the province of men†¦. Where is the man now who would deny women the civil rights which she has earned by her hard work?† Women were showing themselves how equally skilled they were to men, and that both sexes were equally alike. People started to see the women as people that played a likewise part in society as men and that they deserved the vote. People believed that the women earned their rights through their hard work. In Source 29 on page 68 it also state that: â€Å"†¦ Many women had witnessed the suffering and anguish of men of men as they had not seen in the previous wars and had also worked side by side with comrades and friends. It was inevitable that this would start to change mutual perceptions of and the granting of the votes at last (to women over thirty) seemed totally appropriate.† This gives me the impression that people did see the women working really due to the war and did all they could to gain the vote and the only resort and the most appropriate was to give them the vote. In Source 19; Page 66 we are shown a female tram driver it does not give us a date but it shows it shows us that women were enthusiastically involved in a man's role. This acts helped change the way people viewed suffragettes. Before most people attitudes were biased towards giving women the vote, but after the war people attitudes change and However in 1918 the barrier against women's suffrage was broken and a partial victory won, under the Representation of the People Act, women over 30 years of age were given the parliamentary vote if they were householders, the wives of householders, occupiers of property with an annual rent of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 or more. About 8.5 million women were put under this new law. It was not until ten years later, however, that all women could vote on equal terms with men, at the age of 21 and over, the new bill becoming law on July 2, 1928.

Legislation for Students in Special Education Programs

Public jurisprudence 94-142 Part B of the Education of the Handicapped Act ( 1975 ) states that a free and appropriate public instruction must be provided for all kids with disablements in the United States ( those up to 5 old ages old may be excluded in some provinces ) . ( Hardman, & A ; Drew, 2008 ) In 1974 amendments to ESEA and EHA were passed ( Public jurisprudence 93-380 ) in order to increase fiscal aid to provinces to supply services to kids with disablements. This jurisprudence besides included linguistic communication that informed school territories that federal assistance for plans for pupils with disablements would be dependent on provinces developing programs for adequate services for kids with disablements. Finally, in 1975, The Landmark Education of All Handicapped Children Act ( EHA ) ; Public Law 94-124 ) was passed. This jurisprudence requires that all pupils have entree to liberate and allow public instruction that is provided in the least restrictive environment. Under Public Law 94-142, schools were required to supply service merely for kids of school age. But In 1986, public jurisprudence 99-457 was passed. This jurisprudence mandated particular instruction services for kids ages 3-5 and provided fiscal inducements to provinces to supply services for kids ag es birth to 3. I can merely conceive of the troubles that schools had to face before PublicA jurisprudence 94-142 was passed. But even after 1975 kids with disablements who were non yet in schools ( ages 3-5 ) had no rights that support their educational demands either. It took eleven old ages for the jurisprudence to be revised. Hardman, M, & A ; Drew, C. ( 2008 ) . Human exceptionality scool, community and household. Boston: Houghton Mifflin CompanyThe American with Disabilities Act ( ADA )Persons with disablements education Act ( IDEA )Agencies for Students in Particular EducationII. Students with Learning DisabilitiesEmotional/behavioral Disorders ( EBD )Intellectual disablementCommunication upsetsPhysical disablementsIII. The Individualized Education plan ( IEP )The intent of IEPWho is involved?Developing the individualised instruction plan Developmentally appropriate pattern is instructional attack that uses course of study and larning environments consistent with the kid ‘s development degree. It uses more child-initiated acquisition by promoting kids to research their involvements through drama. It besides encourages household engagement. Age appropriate arrangement on the other manus is the arrangement of pick for all pupils with or without particular demands that are within chronologically age appropriate regular schoolrooms. Students with disabilities have the same environment as non-handicapped equals of similar age in order to better the quality of interactions in those environments. Inclusive preschool schoolrooms are designed to run into the demands of each kid. Classrooms are staffed by extremely trained professionals in both kid attention and particular instruction. In add-on, the schoolroom physical environment supports all of the users. The kids have all of their day-to-day activities together and th e kids are seen as persons and it is recognized that all kids are on a continuum of development. I believe the â€Å" Best Plan † depends upon the specific demands of the kid. Developmentally appropriate course of study should supply for all countries of a kid ‘s development ; physical, emotional, societal, lingual, and cognitive.The course of study should besides construct upon what kids already know and are able to make to consolidate their acquisition and to further their acquisition of new constructs and accomplishments. Integrated scenes have, in fact, been found to bring forth higher proportions, rates, and degrees of societal, cognitive, and lingual accomplishments in kids with disablements than unintegrated scenes. IV. Teacher ‘s Roles in the Classroom Particular instruction instructors compile, organize and keep good accurate records on each pupil and work straight with the pupil ‘s parents to guarantee that they are familiar with what is being taught. Since the particular instruction instructor needs to cognize whom to depend on for role- specific advice, he or she has the duty to organize the pupil ‘s individualised instruction plan by maintaining the line of communicating unfastened with each squad member. The General instruction instructor ‘s function is critical ; he or she provides support for pupils by repeating or lucubrating on the pupil ‘s verbal parts. The instructor assesses the general course of study and aids in finding appropriate positive behavioural intercessions and schemes for the pupil and provides services and plans alterations. Professionals who collaborate trust one another but coaction and audience will work in a school if, and merely if, the people involved are prepared for the func tions. Understand their specific functions, and know the ends for the procedure Working with Children with Special Needs Intensive instructions Adaptive instructions Inclusive instruction VII. Passage to adult life Passage Servicess are designed to be within a results-oriented procedure, that is focused on bettering the academic and functional accomplishment of the kid with a disablement to ease the kid ‘s motion from school to post-school activities, including post-secondary instruction, vocational instruction, integrated employment ( including supported employment ) , go oning and big instruction, grownup services, independent life, or community engagement. It is based on the single kid ‘s demands, taking into history the kid ‘s strengths, penchants, and involvements. The jurisprudence is really clear in saying that every effort must be made to guarantee that pupils take part meaningfully in their ain passage planning. IDEA ordinances require schools to affect the pupil in the planning procedure to the maximal extent possible, every bit good as to guarantee that the pupil ‘s penchants and involvements are considered in composing the ends and aims. The passage from school to adult life is a complex and dynamic procedure. Passage planning should stop with the transportation of support from the school to an grownup service bureau, entree to postsecondary instruction, or life as an independent grownup. ( Hardman, Drew, & A ; Egan, 2008 ) Planing for pupil ‘s future requires the position of multiple people who are vested in the pupil ‘s life. IDEA 2004 requires that the planning squad include the parents ; at least one general instruction instructor ; the particular pedagogue who works with the pupil ; a representative of the school territory ; the school must besides ask for the pupil to go to the IEP/transition squad meeting and help the pupils in making his or her ends. What chances are available for pupils with disablements after they complete secondary school? Teachers, parents, households, and schools should go on to look for available community resources to assist pupils with disablements become more independent and passage from high school to the community. Many times there are authorities funded bureaus that have plans and services available for persons with transitional barriers. One of the bureaus that found to be helpful is The Job Accommodation Network ( JAN ) . It has an international toll-free consulting service that provides information about occupation adjustments and the employability of people with disablements. JAN besides provides information sing the Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA ) . Another bureau is The National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth ( NCWD-Y ) . It offers proficient aid plans to assist the work force development community with issues that affect the employment of young person with disableme nts. The NCWD-Y besides seeks the aid of experts in disablement, instruction, employment and work force development issues to guarantee that young person with disablements are provide full entree to high quality services. Institutions of higher acquisition besides have different chances on their campuses for pupils with disablements. Postsecondary academies are one-day conferences-type events for high school juniors and seniors with a broad scope of disablements. Parents, instructors, passage specializers, and other high school staff are besides encouraged to go to. To to the full fix for the passage from school, pupils and parents must be educated about critical constituents of grownup services systems ; Self finding and societal accomplishments besides play a critical function in the successful passage from school to adult life. Students with disablements in the secondary school old ages need entree to societal activities in order to be successful in the community and the workplace. Competence in utilizing societal accomplishments will take to positive perceptual experiences of individuals with disablements in extended community scenes such as postsecondary instruction.

Basic Approaches And Contemporary Issues In Leadership Management Essay

Basic Approaches And Contemporary Issues In Leadership Management Essay The first complete contingency model for leadership was presented in 1967 by Fred Fiedler’s. His contingency hypothesis was the first to identify how situational factors interrelate with the traits and behaviors of leaders to have an impact on the effectiveness of leadership. The theory proposed that the â€Å"favorability† of the circumstances is what decides how effective the task and the behavior of the person-oriented leader will be. Favorability is established by (1) the amount of trust and respect that devotees or rather followers have for their leaders; (2) the degree to which the responsibilities of individuals who are second to the leader can be organized and the performance measured; and (3) the power that the leader has over the rewards of followers. The circumstances is most encouraging when subordinates have trust and respect for their leaders, respect and trust the leader, the job is greatly structured, and the control over rewards and punishment is held by the leader (Barnett, 2010). The research done by Fiedler showed that leaders who were task-oriented were more valuable and effective when there was either an extremely â€Å"favorable† or extremely â€Å"unfavorable† circumstance, however, leaders who were person-oriented were more valuable if the circumstances were either â€Å"moderately favorable,† or unfavorable.† This hypothesis did not really suggest that in various situations, the leader could become accustomed to their leadership styles, but rather that leaders who had various styles would be more valuable when they are put in situations that go with the leadership style that they prefer (Barnett, 2010). Fiedler is of the assumption that the leadership style of an individual is â€Å"fixed† because if the circumstance has a need for someone who is task-oriented but the person who is in that leadership position is relationship-oriented, then either the leader has to be changed or the situa tion needs to be altered (Robbins, and Position power: The leaders power by virtue of the position in the organization and the extent to which, as the leader, he or she can implement power on followers so that they obey and receive the leaders’ guidance and leadership (â€Å"Feidler’s contingency model,† 2009). Feidler’s position is that leader-member relations are either good or poor, task structure is either high or low and position power is either strong or week. The healthier the relationship between the leader and followers the more organized the job will be and the more resilient the position of power the more command the leader will have (Robbins, so the whether the intellect and know how of an individual has any bearing on the performance of leadership is determined by the level of stress. Other studies corroborated the fact that when the level of stress is low and the leader instructed followers on what he needed done, intellect was key to the effectiveness of the leader, but if the circumstance was a high stress one then intellect did not help as much because the leaders’ thought process was strained. In the same manner, if the leader does not tell his followers what he wants done then intellect do not help because of his reluctance (Robbins, & Judge, 2009). The recommendation of Feidler is that organizations employ and choose persons with the essential intellect, know how, and understanding, and then allow those individuals to work under those situations that let them use the resources that they have cognitively. Additionally, the feeling that the leader has of being in control of the circumstance and the level of stress that he is experiencing is essential (Carter, III, 2006).

Managing the Digital Enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing the Digital Enterprise - Essay Example From this definition, information system is an arrangement of data, technology, processes, and groups that function together to collect, provide, store, and process information output required to improve and increase the speed of the decision making process. In the past decade, various organizations have began utilizing computer technology to facilitate the provision of services and the process of adoption is expected to increase at a higher rate as technology advances (Hamdan and Jalal-Karim 2010, p1). This paper focuses on the impact of modern digital technologies on the banking sector with a bias toward electronic banking. 1.2 Banking Activities and Developments in IT All aspects of the banking activity are influenced and continue to be influenced by the development of information transmission, distribution, processing, storage, and collection. Developments in information technology affect the banking industry in two ways. Firstly, the information technology contributes in the dec rease of the costs linked with information management (information is managed by means such as processing, transmission, collection, and storage) through the replacement of labour-intensive and paper-based methods with processes that are automated. Secondly and lastly, information technology modifies the ways through which the consumers access the bank’s products and services, for instance, through automated channels such as remote banking. Developments in information management have been occurring for a considerable length of time but remote banking (the latest phenomenon in the banking industry) developments are occurring more gradually especially within retail banking (European Central Bank 1999, p5). Business model can be utilized to describe the main components of any banking business. In regard to the differentiation of the bricks-and-mortar banking from e-banking, there are five crucial dimensions of the business model and they include market scope, profit potential, v alue network, cost structure, and value proposition. Since consumers are capable of electronic banking over the internet regardless of the time and location, electronic banking eradicates time limitations, and physical and geographic boundaries linked with bricks-and-mortar banking. Electronic banking also offers consumers with efficient online financial services (the services are offered at high speed and they are time saving). Additionally, through the internet, the consumers are able to access numerous information and services (Heng, Hsia, and Wu 2006, p115). 1.2.1 Electronic banking and its value The convenience resulting from electronic banking has three considerable impacts. Firstly, it may lead to information symmetry where the consumers can access more information than through the bank; the consumers may opt to avoid the bank for services provided through alternative parties (SCN Education

G H 402 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

G H 402 - Assignment Example Most malarial deaths occur to the pregnant women and young children because of the inability to access proper medical care and poor sanitation services that lead to the breeding of mosquitos. Global malaria prevalence is also due to poor and limited information on malaria and the possible preventive methods. Most of the affected groups have a wrong perception on Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and therefore they don’t control the vector causing malaria (McCracken and Phillips 75) Malaria has become a global concern because it is considered to be both a disease of poverty and a major cause of poverty mostly in the developing countries. This is because the developing countries do not have the sufficient and proper medication for the disease. It has therefore been considered to be a major constraint to economic development in the developing countries as it has both high social and economic costs that cause a wider gap in the GDP of the developed and developing countries (McCracken and Phillips 78). This has therefore led to a big global dilemma for the affected communities. Environmental sanitation is another major global concern due to the rising environmental degradation. For a proper and safe environment, there should be minimal sharing of the sanitation services such as the toilets as recommended by the World Health Organization (McCracken and Phillips 76). This improves the security and safety of the services and enables accessibility and proper maintenance. If sanitation facilities are highly shared, it becomes a challenge to maintain their cleanliness, and this may turn them to be breeding places for disease-transmitting parasites and pathogens. The global concern for environmental sanitation is causing the dilemma because of the rising number of people that have limited access to improved sanitation making them prone to diseases (McCracken and Phillips 84). Due to the rising

Organisational Design and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisational Design and Change - Essay Example Secondly, the framework makes clear of the choices and the plans an organisation makes and evaluation is easier. For instance, if a company pursued a strategy earlier, the executive can look at the result against the set framework to see whether the plan worked or not. This is beneficial because it provides vital information on sales (Hamel, n.d.). Thirdly, through the SWOT tool, the decision made becomes visible throughout all level of management. An SWOT analysis which establishes organisation’s strengths and weaknesses together with peripheral threats and prospects it faces. These modalities help executives generate strategies to utilise strengths or curtail weaknesses to rip the opportunity and shun risks (Eisenhardt, n.d). On the other hand, adherence to a specified strategy enables managers, first to build a shared collective intuition that augments the capacity of the top administration team to spot risks and opportunity more rapidly and more precisely. It also stimulates rapid conflict to advance the quality of strategic judgement without sacrificing considerable time and maintaining disciplined swiftness to oblige the decision course to a well-timed termination. Politically, the tax imposed on farmers in the countries producing the coffee essentially means that as by 2013, the Starbucks pays a huge price for all the coffee they procure. Therefore, any imposition or changes in taxation levels in the company are all passed to the consumers. For instance, if other countries revenue authorities impose a tariff it not only outcomes in loss of efficiency for Starbucks, but also enormous income transfers can turn incoherent with equity. Economic: An increase in interest rates derails Starbucks expansion strategies thus resulting in declining sales for Starbucks and sales of their suppliers. Consequently, if the nation where Starbucks of located is experiencing slows growth,

Cooperation Between HR And CSR In Qatar Shell Essay

Cooperation Between HR And CSR In Qatar Shell - Essay Example The paper "Cooperation Between HR And CSR In Qatar Shell" examines the actual relationship that exists between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and human resource management of Qatar Shell. Shell is a global energy company that is amongst the top five petrochemical companies around the world. Shell has over 100,000 employees who are located in over 90 countries around the world. Shell prides itself on her ability to meet the world's growing energy demands in environmentally and socially responsible ways. Shell is currently undertaking a joint project with Qatargas and Qatar Petroleum. This has led to the largest project ever launched in the petroleum sector in Qatar, which is one of the world's largest oil producing countries. However, Shell has a lot of issues with its reputation in different parts of the world. Shell has reputational issues in nations like Nigeria where it has been fingered for being irresponsible environmentally and condoning with corrupt Nigerian governments. This spate of scandals has linked Shell with the various environmental hazards that have hit the petroleum-rich areas of Nigeria. Also, with the fact that Shell has been implicated for supporting some of Nigeria's military governments who were indicted for various human rights abuses places the company's reputation in perpetual doubts. Shell is presenting itself as a socially and environmentally responsible organization. However, some incidents in its past seem to have dented the public image of the company.

3. Report - Base on Case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

3. Report - Base on Case study - Assignment Example Cliff Lewis has been ranked the highest for providing adequate support to the employees for the growth of the department. Before appointing Cliff Lewis as a head of the Department of Town Planning, the department consisted of 55 employees. It has been identified that out of 55 employees, 35 are appointed for technical purpose, 5 are appointed as a project directors and 5 are appointed as expert coordinator. Moreover, rest of 5 employees are appointed for the administrative support. On the other hand, the Department of Economic Development is ascertained to be organised in an effective manner. Cliff Lewis has been identified to be making efforts to design the department in an organised manner. The Department of Economic Development has been restructured by Cliff Lewis by developing four business units with 25 employees. The employees are recognised to be assigned with specific job roles based on which operations are needed to be performed. The Department of Town Planning is suffering from a poor infrastructure. It has been also observed that the Department of Town Planning has failed to achieve several responsibilities within the due time. In this regard, numerous conflicts have been witnessed with the organisation for increasing complexities and lack of business effectiveness (Rochdale Borough Council, 2015a; Hickman & Banister, 2007). It is expected that after being appointed in the position of Head of Planning for South Berkshire Borough Council, Cliff Lewis has been planning to bring various changes in its operational performances as well as structural base. Cliff Lewis has decided to develop a new planning relating to Town Planning and Development Department (Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development, 2000). More elaborately, it can be ascertained that Town Planning is a part of national law of the country. Initially, Cliff Lewis has been planning to develop a

Management and Leadership Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management and Leadership Paper - Essay Example For instance, both leaders as well as managers are responsible for achieving similar organizational goals – that of steering the organization towards profitable goals; their tasks involve working in groups and managing people; along with other similar shared traits and responsibilities. According to Richard Daft, "leadership cannot replace management but rather is something that is to be practiced in addition to management" (in Prussakov, 2011). Warren Bennis, has listed various key differences between leadership and management which are discussed below: Managers are responsible for handling the day to day administration of the organization while leaders on the other hand are required to ‘lead’ through ‘innovation’. The management team at Nike is focused on innovation and creativity as a part of their strategic policies with a view to retain their competitive positioning in the market and retain their dominance. Hence, while the managers are entrusted with the responsibilities of handling the routine operations the leaders on the other hand, constantly seek to develop new ways to create and innovate their products. For instance, recently Nike developed a new app which uses the iPhone's GPS and mapping capabilities to track the performance of the athletes / runners. Furthermore, the app is moderately priced and connected directly to the company's website which helps the runners / users to share their running routes as well as time with everyone and post their results directly to popular social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook (NY times, 2010). The managers maintain stability while the leaders initiate change. The manager's task is to maintain and sustain the competitive positioning of the organization while the leader is entrusted with the responsibility of developing and expanding the organization. For instance as observed in the case of Nike, during its initial days, the company experienced rapid growth and began t o be known as a leading and fashionable sports brand during the 1990s. However by the end of the 1990s the growth began to stagnate, with the entry of new players in the market such as Adidas and Reebok along with several other smaller brands. One of the key marketing problems faced by Nike during these times was that the company had begun to lose its brand image, as fashionable footwear for teens, as older people increasingly began sporting Nike gear (i.e. clothing as well as footwear) (Porter et al., 2005). The managers, in this case were responsible to ensure that the company achieves its profit targets and maintains its stability however, the leaders on the other hand, were required to innovate and change the brand image to achieve its long term goals – that of long term sustainability in the market. Hence, as a result, the management at Nike changed its marketing strategy and targeted a younger market segment –the Californian teenager, to revamp its brand image. T he manager encourages and enhances the efficiency of the employees and groups while the leader

Evaluate what Technological Needs & Barriers do International Students Research Paper

Evaluate what Technological Needs & Barriers do International Students face in accessing the Library Services at Bournemouth Uni - Research Paper Example Assumptions by quantitative purist are in consistent with positivist philosophy. This implies that, social observations should be considered as entities in the same manner physical phenomena are treated by physical scientists. In addition to that, quantitative purists argue that, entities subjected to observation are separate from the observer. Moreover, they write that, inquiries in social sciences need to be objective. Therefore, context-free and time generalizations are necessary and social scientific results real causes should be in a position to be determined validly and reliably (Foley 2010, p.18). On the contrary, qualitative purists are not in support of positivism. Qualitative purists are also referred to as interpretivists and constructivists. This group is in support of idealism, humanism, constructivism, relativism, postmodernism and hermeneutics superiority. Unlike quantitative purists, they contend that, content-free and time generalizations are neither possible nor rel iable. In addition to that, they put across that, any research has a bound value. As a result, it is quite difficult to fully differentiate effects and causes, and the flow of logic follows a particular pattern. That is, from specific to general. For example, through the utilization of the collected data, explanations can be inductively generated. Furthermore, knower cannot be alienated from known. This is because knower being subjective acts as a basis of reality (Johnson and Onwuegbuzie 2004, p.14). There are differences between inductive and deductive logic. In deductive logic, a researcher utilizes large volumes of information and comes up with conclusions. On the other hand, inductive logic generalizes information using a single information piece. Rationale for the Research Methodology Utilization of mixed methods helps in bridging the division that exists between qualitative and quantitative research. The research focusing on an aspect that is specific, it is therefore signifi cant to utilize mixed method. Qualitative research will emphasize on interpretive knowledge. The knowledge is remarkably essential in the public relations and marketing communications field. For purposes of answering survey questions and obtaining of data that is deductive, quantitative method will be of great value (Daymon & Holloway 2002). In addition to that, data collection and analysis in qualitative responses that are embedded can aid in explaining and augmenting survey responses that are contradictory or complex. Moreover, qualitative methods are essential in removing bias. As a matter of fact, they help the researcher in testing or empirically justifying their affirmed hypothesis. Despite the benefits, the mixed method has its own limitations and challenges. For instance, the conversion of qualitative data into quantitative form results to loss of data flexibility and depth. Similarly, data that is quantified is one-dimensional and fixed. This means that, they have a limited response that represents a conceptual group that is determined before data is collected from the field. Research Methodology The research design proposed is that of mixed method. It will be accomplished in twofold phases. The first phase comprises of a process that is qualitative for purposes of data analysis and collection. The second phase will comprise a quantitative process. The process will aid in obtaining data that is

Research Technique Essay Example for Free

Research Technique Essay Suppose your sociology instructor has asked you to do a study of homelessness. Which research technique (survey, observation, experiment, existing sources) would you find the most useful? How would you use that technique to complete your assignment? If my sociology instructor has asked me to do a study of homelessness, I will choose the observation research technique because I think this method is the most useful to me. In definition, observation means collecting information through direct participation and/or by watching a group or community engaged, which means, this is a technique which researchers observe carefully the behaviors of people involved in their hypothesis. Although there are various types of observational research techniques (naturalistic observation, participant observation†¦), each of them has both strengths and weaknesses. Personally, I believe participant observation is the most suitable method for the study of homelessness. Firstly, this technique allows me to gain information in my own point of view as I’m the observer and participant as well. Secondly, by using this method, the subject behaviors (homeless people) remain natural, therefore, giving the results high validity and reliability. Thirdly, it’s flexible as I can myself test the hypotheses and be able to redefine possible personal conceptions. Fourthly, by directing involving the research, my results will contain highly-detailed, high-quality information about the homelessness’s behaviors. However, this technique also has some disadvantage. First, it’s likely for me to have a close relationship with others which may influence the results. Second, it’s quite difficult for me to be accepted in the group (maybe I’m too different from them). Third, this technique requires a great deal of skill and commitment from the researchers. I must have the ability to fit-in with the people being observed and the ability to communicate naturally to them without letting them know my purposes. Finally, I have to make sure that I have enough money, time, resources, skills and support to go through this research. More details about my study. After having finished 3 important steps (defining the problem, reviewing the literature, formulating the hypothesis), I’ll continue the fourth step: collecting and analyzing data by using the observation technique (participant observation). I’ll join the homeless communities, which usually gather to sleep in the parks, under the bridges or in the verandas of the private or public houses†¦It’d be easier for me to participate if I can show them for sure that I’m a real homeless person (little money, no mobile phone, have acceptable reason to become homeless, dirty clothes†¦). The length of my stays are going to be about 6 months to 1 year as this time is long enough for me to have a generally view about this problem (however, it mainly depend on the time which the instructor allows me to so that I can limit/expand the areas researched). During the time I’m homeless, I’ll try to gain the acceptance in the group studied in order to collect the information needed without raising close relations or letting them know who I am, which will affect the conclusion of my study. Then, I’ll listen to their stories about the reason why they become homeless (of course I must have a reason for myself), observe their feeling, their behaving in life as well as their attitudes about their present conditions. Besides, I also have to try fulfill my study by finding the answers for these following questions: 1. How did they become homeless? (different people will have different answers) 2. Do they feel like the government is helping them to reduce homelessness? 3. How has being homeless affected them? (difficulties in all aspects) 4. What are the main causes of people becoming homeless? 5. What should the government do to help the homeless people? 6. The link between being homeless and having social diseases (HIV, syphilis†¦) 7. Where do the homelessness rates have the highest/lowest percentage? What are the differences in these areas? These 5 questions are the basic information that I have to find the answers by asking directly through normal conversations, by observing, by listening†¦ Besides, I think I can conclude some other useful results so as to have a general overview to support for my study thank to the time I’m being homeless. My conclusion will include these data: 1. Trends in homelessness recently. 2. Characteristics of persons experiencing homelessness 3. Causes of homelessness 4. Effect of homelessness. 5. Homeless policy initiatives 6. How different places have different rate of homelessness. Reasons? Solutions (If I can) 7. Outlook for the future (solutions) Finally, I’ll finish the final step: developing the conclusion base on the data I have to support or redefine the hypothesis.

Hauora Essay Example for Free

Hauora Essay If a person puts themselves first before others and their personal ambitions they are considered unhealthy. Communication through emotions is more powerful than words. If people show what they feel, instead of talking about their feelings, this is regarded as healthy. Te taha Wairua refers to spiritual well being. It is believed that if someone is lacking this they are more prone to ill health Wairua may also explore relationships with the environment, between people, or with heritage. The breakdown of this relationship could be seen in terms of ill health or lack of personal identity. Te taha Tinana refers to physical well being There is also the question of personal space to take into account. Maori consider stepping over someone as rude and demeaning to that persons mana (personal authority/power). However there are different ways in which respect is shown to another person. For example Maori tend to have minimal eye contact and respect each others space in formal situations. Body language is also an important feature to note. Whanau/Family is the prime support system providing care, not only physically but also culturally and emotionally. For Maori, whanau is about extended relationships rather than the western nuclear family concept. Maintaining family relationships is an important part of life and caring for young and old alike is paramount. Everyone has a place and a role to fulfil within their own whanau. Families contribute to a persons wellbeing and most importantly a persons identity. A Maori viewpoint of identity of identity derives much from family characteristics. It is important to understand that a person carrying an ancestral name will often be seen as having the qualities of their namesake. It is important to be aware for Maori, a persons identity is gleaned by asking Where are you from rather than What is your name? Maori identity is based upon an ancestral Waka (canoe) a physical landmark, which is usually a Maunga (mountain), a body of water Awa (river), Moana (sea) and a significant Tupuna (ancestor). Once this is known people can share a common bond.

The Strategic Positioning Of Ikea Marketing Essay

The Strategic Positioning Of Ikea Marketing Essay An analysis of the strategic position of IKEA has shown that IKEA has different strategic positions in different markets. This assignment will analyse IKEAs strategic position, identify and evaluate various strategic options. While IKEA does not form government policies or make legislation it is important that IKEA understands their implications (Lynch 2009). Take India for example, 100% FDI by a full ownership single brand retailer is not permitted. IKEA could therefore, consider entering into joint venture with local furniture retailers in countries which it wants to expand into or consider other options such as franchising or licensing (Cavusgil et al 2008). IKEA could also consider working with the World Trade Organisation (WTO) to get governments of potential markets to relax legislation and policies as a long-term plan as changing policies and regulations is a process which takes time. China for example has already committed to relaxing regulations since joining the WTO in 2004 and IKEA continues to expand in this market (EmeraldManagementXtra 2007). As there are significant political legal barriers as well opportunities in markets such as Asia and Eastern-Europe which are in the Introduction or Growth Stage of the Industry Life Cycle (Lynch 2009) [Appendix C] and have not yet been dominated by other global furniture companies it is imperative that IKEA move fast to find a way round barriers if it plans on maintaining its position as a global brand in future. Economic, Socio-cultural Technological Continual increase in GDP in the BRIC nations and other markets (NexisUK, 2010) outside Western Europe and North America makes these markets an attractive option and IKEA could expand into these markets going forward. On the contrary increase in GDP may pose a challenge rather than an advantage is it may mean increased competition. Moreover, it may also pose a challenge to IKEA as it may mean that raw materials become more expensive (Coulter 2009) as these countries are also large suppliers of raw materials for IKEA (ScienceDirect 2008). Despite the fact that consumer income expenditure in Western markets dropped significantly since 2008 and they are in the mature stage of the industry life-cycle (Lynch 2009), exiting these markets might not be a good option for the future. Mintel reported that consumer expenditure will increase significantly by 2013; hence IKEA could seek to maintain its position. Furthermore, looking to the future, buyer behaviour could change in favour of IKEA due to economic pressures as customers who previously would have opted for more expensive furniture are likely to opt for reasonably priced furniture. Suggesting a limitation to the Industry Life Cycle model as IKEA is operating in a dynamic environment the factors which caused a market to be mature or in decline can change unexpectedly and IKEA itself can instigate change (Lynch 2009). Increase of life expectancy in markets such as Japan, North-America and Western Europe (Mintel 2010) could mean IKEA must look towards focusing on a different market segment in future as IKEAs target market is currently young middle class. Furthermore, research by GMID, 2010 has shown that the aging population (silver-surfers) in Western-Europe prefer online-shopping due to the convenience of having bulky items delivered at home (Appendix B). IKEA could take this as an opportunity, by widening its internet services it can use the technology to broaden its reach and tap into this market segment in the future. This will not only increase market share and profits in can also be used to enhance customer loyalty as internet purchases can be a good tool of monitoring buyer behaviour (Mintel 2010). On the other hand, IKEA might opt not to take advantage of this social change and technological influence as the store experience is essential to IKEAs competitive advantage and becoming well-known as an e-shop might change its image. That being said, even IKEAs current target market is internet savvy and ignoring such a significant factor may be risky as it is necessary to be adaptive to sustain competitive advantage. . Environmental Green issues are increasingly a large concern for IKEA. Rise in green consumerism (Mintel 2010) has seen IKEA paint a picture to the public that its designs are eco-friendly and it must maintain this image as consumers have become more aware and concerned about the environment. While IKEAs designers are conscious of designing eco-friendly products (Johnson et al 2008), its suppliers may not necessarily practice eco-friendly manufactures. With a large network of suppliers in mostly developing nations some suppliers do not source raw materials through legit channels. The consequences of green-issues are inevitable and in order to maintain competitive advantage IKEA is could to work hand in hand with suppliers and local governments as Corporate Social Responsibility to see that global carbon-footprint is minimised, to avoid backlash from environmental pressure-groups. Comment on Analysis Given that the environment in which IKEA operates is dynamic, IKEA must think fast and move fast on all counts in order to obtain first mover advantage and gain competitive advantage. On the other hand, because the environment is very dynamic, IKEA might move fast in areas where there is less risk and wait for competitors to move first in other areas thus taking advantage of gaps on their strategy. Outcome of Five Forces Analysis The analysis revealed that the industry is more favourable in some markets than others with Asia and Eastern-Europe appearing to be more favourable to a greater extent than others. Competitive rivalry is the key element to consider as it is most likely to have more influence on the future. Bargaining Power of Suppliers IKEA has a large network of suppliers thus there in hardly any threat posed by suppliers. Five-Forces Analysis suggests that suppliers as part of the environment pose a threat which is one of the limitations of this method of analysis as the environment does not have to be a threat; it is possible for IKEA and its suppliers to engage in closer cooperation (Lynch 2009). Cooperation with suppliers would be important for IKEA as it is likely to need to work with its suppliers to tackle green issues if IKEA wants to keep these suppliers which allow it to be a cost-leader. Bargaining Power of Buyers Outcome of Five-Forces implies that buyers have little power which would make the industry favourable. Buyers have little power according to 5-Forces Model, yet there is evidence that IKEA consistently aims to satisfy buyers. Lynch 2009 argues that this is a limitation to the model as the organisations interests do not necessarily come first and the buyer is more important than other aspects of strategy development in this model hence cannot be considered and equal aspect in such an analysis. . Threat of Substitutes This is a key element which makes the low-cost furniture industry unfavourable as threat of substitutes is high particularly in developed markets (Lynch 2009). IKEA is therefore likely to react by widening its online services, in order to protect and expand its market-share. IKEA could consider re-thinking the locations of its stores in order to tackle the threat posed by retailers such as TESCO and Walmart (GMID). To tackle retailers it may also consider backward integration (Johnson et al 2008) as these retailers also have easy access to suppliers and can achieve scale benefits. However, backward integration might prove difficult as IKEAs network of suppliers might be too large to control. Extent of Competitive Rivalry Markets in Developing Economies Competitive rivalry is key because of influences in the macro-environment, that is, (i) increase in GDP in BRIC markets, (ii) barriers to trade in growing markets which are potentially extremely lucrative. IKEA stands a good chance of doing well in these markets, and could take advantage of opportunities through joint venture or franchise as they have already got experience in this region, hence IKEA can maximise on increase in consumer expenditure and change of lifestyle in this region. It would need to be a first mover in untapped Asian markets as rivalry is intense (Cavusgil 2008). Competitors (existing local firms in the industry) are likely to attempt to imitate IKEAs product they might have home ground advantage. To counter this IKEA must be highly differentiated (Lynch 2009). Intense competitive rivalry in BRIC could imply that IKEA must look to other markets such as Africa and the Middle East. North-America and Western-Europe Markets are unfavourable to a greater extent with well established competitors and economic-crises all intensifying rivalry. Target-market is not growing in comparison to other parts of the world, such as South America, Asia and Eastern Europe again intensifying rivalry. On the other hand, Mintel reported that consumer expenditure will increase significantly by 2013. Possible solution therefore is not to exit this market but acquisition of competitors and making sure the product differentiated. Strategic Capability Critical Success Factors (CSFs) IKEA meets most of its CSFs effectively. IKEA provides a unique shopping experience space, childrens camp) which no other competitor offers; as a result IKEA has gained competitive advantage. The exception is delivering and assembling products. While Mintel 2010 suggests that this is an advantage as customers do not have to stay home waiting for a delivery man, and can assemble goods in their own time, GMID 2010 argues that IKEA is missing out on sales as this CSF is not met yet some competitors provide the service. IKEA could opt to maintain this stance in a bid to cut costs or could look into partnering with a company which provides the delivery and assembling service. Unique-Resources and Core-Competencies (Resource Based View) Taking into consideration that resources and competencies may be vague (Lynch 2009) IKEA are well positioned in order to exploit their unique-resources and core-competences for the long term. IKEA is well positioned to exploit its unique resources long term in comparison to a number of its competitors due to experience (Johnson et al 2008). (For IKEAs position on the experience curve see appendices) Furthermore, IKEA is extremely well positioned because whilst competitors can attempt (with difficulty) to imitate other core-competencies and unique-resources, they cannot imitate IKEAs culture. Stakeholder Mapping Placing IKEAs stakeholders on the power/interest matrix is difficult as the matrix has limitations (Johnson et al 2008). Shareholders IKEAs shareholders are a small secretive trust. Little is documented about them hence it is difficult to position them thus determine whether there is need to reposition or maintain their position. It is however probably safe to assume that they have high power and interest. Pressure groups Pressure groups particularly environmentalists and human rights groups (child labour) have moved in recent years from low power to high power thus likely to be blockers of strategy and must be repositioned to become facilitators. IKEA is could reposition them through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) working hand-in-hand with them for their causes. Improving towards environmentally friendly manufacturing as well as suppliers and being transparent about these procedures in the future as the public have caught on to the green-wash (Mintel 2010). Governments Local governments have repeatedly proven to be blockers of strategy. IKEA could take one of two options to reposition them. First option could be to make them an offer, which is profitable in the long term as development is mutually beneficial (Cavusgil 2008). Second option could be working with the World Trade Organisation to tackle unfair trade policies (however, this may take years). China has already changed most the policy it was asked to change by the WTO since 2004 (BusinessSourcePremier 2010). For any strategy to work is important that the implementers of strategy are onboard hence some key employees who are against the strategy might have to be repositioned preferably by involving the gatekeepers in the implementation (Mullins 2006). Repositioning shareholders will result in increased market share, increased profits, increased access to resources, increased competitive advantage as well as increased competition as competitors are likely to react to IKEAs actions (Johnson et al 2008). Strategic Group Analysis Mapping of strategic groups (Appendix F) reflects that IKEA does not fall into a specific group. IKEA is not just a retailer, it is also a manufacturer. IKEA has created its own niche. For the long-term, this might mean focus on maintaining its strong brand image and protecting the niche. Moreover, mapping of strategic groups reflected attractive strategic spaces (Johnson et al 2008), for example there is room for a global-brand which sells bespoke furniture on a global scale. IKEA might want to take advantage of the strategic space long-term perhaps by starting a new brand which targets the gap (Johnson et al 2008). It could also cover strategic space by entering geographical regions which other low-cost global brands have not yet entered such as Africa. PART B IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR STRATEGIC OPTIONS FACING IKEA STRATEGIC CHOICE IKEA has a low-cost base and reinvests in low price and differentiation, simultaneously seeking differentiation and price lower than that of competitors as evidenced by added value, store design, durability and functionality of products at a low-price. IKEA therefore follows a hybrid strategy (Johnson et al 2009). Hybrid strategy is appropriate for IKEA because there is opportunity for economies of scale and cost reduction and IKEA seeks to enter new markets such as Asia where there are existing competitors (Johnson et al 2008). In addition, Hybrid strategy is recommended as an entry strategy into markets which have established competitors (Johnson et al 2008) therefore it would be highly appropriate for IKEAs future as IKEA seeks to enter markets in Asia and Eastern Europe. Furthermore, Hybrid fits IKEAs core competencies, thus allowing IKEA to sustain competitive advantage. STRATEGIC OPTIONS STRATEGI DIRECTION IKEA competes in different geographical regions, therefore may opt for different strategic options in different regions. North America Northern and Western Europe Consolidation in most of Northern Europe could be an option as there is little or no room for growth. Differentiation strategies when defending market share in order to build customer loyalty and switching costs are often effective (Johnson et al pg.260 2008) Market Penetration is an option in North America and Western Europe (mature stage) as there is opportunity to gain market share, for instance in the USA IKEA has 2.7% market share (Appendix G). Market penetration in this case could be done via acquisition of an existing competitor or merger. Market Development could be a strategic option for IKEA in the UK as life expectancy has increased. Increased ageing population could be opportunity by IKEA to use its core competencies to enter a new market segment. Entering into new market segment could be done by developing a new brand which serves new market segment [existing product offered to new market] (Johnson et al 2008). Methods which could be used to execute this are organic development or merger. Developing Economies Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Middle East and South America Market Development entering new territories is an option. IKEA has a proven track record on entering new markets therefore it could take advantage of the growth opportunities in markets such as Eastern-Europe and other potentially lucrative developing economies (Johnson et al 2008). IKEA could pursue market development through acquisition, merger, franchising or licensing depending on the various macro and micro environmental influences (Cavusgil 2008). All regions Product development as a strategic option could work globally. For example, IKEA could use its existing competencies to sell electrical appliances to its existing customer base (Johnson et al 2008). Diversification on existing competences or capabilities is another strategic option which IKEA could opt for. IKEA could start Training and Development, (training on management and teambuilding) as it is renowned for good operations management and teamwork. Consultancy on entering foreign markets could be another route as IKEA has vast experience in this area. IKEA already designs modern style low-cost furniture and could take advantage of this to change the Interior Decoration Industry as this service is usually only afforded by an elite few. IKEA could change this by offering this service at a low cost. The various diversification options could be done through organic growth as suggested diversification is based on existing competences and resources. PART C Evaluating Strategic Options. Consolidation Suitable in Northern Europe as the market is declining (see appendix D) and there is little of no room for growth. Likely acceptable to stakeholders as it is low risk and aims to protect current market share. Consolidation is feasible as no new key resources and core competencies are required in order to execute it. Market penetration This option is suitable given that there is little room for growth in North America Northern and Western Europe. In addition, there are several significant barriers to trade outside the West hence North America, Northern and Western Europe remain important markets for IKEAs future, thus penetration is suitable. Furthermore, gaining market share will help maintain scale advantages which IKEA currently exploit, which is essential to IKEA as a cost leader (Johnson et al 2008). On the other hand, established competitors are likely to in retaliate. Moreover, legal constraints may come into play; for example, in the UK, the Competition Commission can investigate any merger or acquisition which would account for more that 25% of the market (Johnson et al 2008). It is likely that this option will be acceptable to stakeholders as no new competencies or resources are required. The same reason makes it feasible (Johnson et al 2008). Market Development Market Development would be suitable as most major current markets are saturated and at the moment there are new opportunities for entering new segments (UK, ageing population) and new geographical locations (developing nations). Furthermore, it fits well with IKEAs resources and competencies. Market development in the UK is likely to be acceptable to stakeholders as due to low risk. The UK economy is more stable than most and there is political stability. However, market development in regions such as Africa or Asia is likely to be deemed unacceptable as soft currencies pose high financial risk and so does political instability. It can be said that market development would indeed be feasible in any world region as IKEA could carry it out without developing new competencies and resources and has the experience. In a dynamic environment IKEA has little choice but to exploit its existing resources and competencies. On the other hand, feasibility can be questioned due to lack of infrastructure in developing in some nations Product Development (Electrical appliances) Option is suitable. IKEA has the facilities to offer existing customers new products (majority of IKEA stores are large). In addition, it is an opportunity for IKEA to exploit existing knowledge of customer needs of its existing customers. On the other hand, IKEA is known for furniture, introduction of new products risks changing brand image in the customers perspective; hence it might be an unsuitable option. Stakeholders are likely to deem it acceptable because it can be done in existing stores, is low risk and could have a high return. Product development is feasible, as long as IKEA has the resources and competencies. Product development based on new resources and competencies could be challenging for IKEA. Diversification Over the years IKEA has developed several competencies and gained resources which can be applied in other industries. IKEA could provide diversification options at low cost because of existing competencies (e.g. skills) and resources (e.g. employees). These diversification options done through organic development would be feasible as IKEA already has competencies and resources hence other methods such us merger would be of minimum benefit to IKEA This method and option would be suitable because current markets are saturated in major existing markets and it is based on existing resources and competencies. In addition, it is a low risk and low revenue investment; hence likely acceptable to stakeholders. Recommendation IKEA is already a global brand and could work towards expanding as a global brand through Foreign Direct Investment. Market Development in developing economies particularly South America could be seen as the best option out of all the options mentioned. There is political stability in the greater part of this region and the economy is growing at a steady rate in most of South America. IKEA targets young families and students and demographic studies in South America show that this population is not in decline. Many governments in this region welcome investors, thus it is likely to be favourable which will work in IKEAs favour as it already has a significant amount of experience dealing with foreign governments. South American market has not yet been dominated by other global furniture retailers which IKEA competes with. In addition, in comparison to other new markets such as Africa and parts of Asia, South America has better infrastructure making it an even more attractive option (MINTEL 2010). Acquisition or merger would be an appropriate method based on the points mentioned. Market Development in developing economies, particularly South America would therefore be suitable, feasible and most likely acceptable. While other methods such as Franchising and Licensing may be low cost, they are not recommended as it may be challenging to train on culture to outsiders. Moreover, IKEA is the only furniture retailer which provides the unique shopping experience hence the risk of that the franchisee or licensee may take advantage of acquired knowledge is likely to be one not with taking in a potentially large market such as South America Cavusgil 2008). Acquisition or merger would therefore be more suited to exploit IKEAs key resources and core competencies during market development. APPENDIX Appendix A PESTEL ANALYSIS Political Legal Barriers to trade tariffs, taxes, bound to enter into joint venture with local business in China Russia government intervention on rates India government wants to limit IKEAs growth rate in India Politics influences legislation hence Barriers to trade tariffs, taxes, bound to enter into joint venture with local. Economic Economic down turn Subprime crisis, recession Foreign Currency Risk Increase in GDP in Asian some markets ( particularly China India) Socio-cultural Aspirations of middle class to have good quality furniture in the markets in which IKEA competes Demographic aging population in some markets, eg UK Technological Increased use of the internet Environmental GREEN CONSUMERISM Increased concerns regarding environment (eco-friendly) influence manufacturing. Environmental pressure groups Global carbon foot print of suppliers is constantly under question by the public. Appendix B Source: Global Marker Information Database Inter IKEA Systems BV in Retailing World July 2010 Appendix C Industry Life Cycle Industry life cycle is more useful as an analysis tool in some markets that others, as suggested by Dhalla Yuspeh, it has its limitations. Competitive forces change over time, the impact of effects of the five forces therefore varies depending on the Industry life cycle (Johnson et al 2009). The use of the Industry Life Cycle as an analysis tool will therefore be used to analyse the competitive forces in markets which are at the initial stages of the cycle, that is, introduction growth. It will not be used in US UK markets as it is unclear whether these markets are in the decline or mature stage. It will be applied to Aisan and Eastern European Markets as it will allow us to identify the dynamic factors that are shaping IKEAs future. Source: Online Western Europe Mature. North-America and Western-Europe Mature or Decline? Asia, Eastern Europe, South America and Africa Growing. (Competitors attracted to enter market and maximise on advantages of early entry / expansion as other global furniture companies have not yet dominated these markets. Appendix D Market Growth Trend Source: Global Marker Information Database Inter IKEA Systems BV in Retailing World July 2010 Appendix E Porters Five Forces Analysis Bargaining Power of Suppliers Raw materials account for a large portion of IKEA s costs yet power of supplies remains low regardless. There is no or little possibility of forward-integration hence power of suppliers can be said to be low as (Lynch 2009). Little to no possibility of forward integration (mastering the key competencies of IKEA is likely to be a daunting task for suppliers). LOW Supplies/raw materials account for a large portion of IKEAs costs. Raw materials are mostly sourced from. HIGH Buying Power Buyers Low switching costs would increase the power of buyers yet in IKEAs case it does not count as other factors are more significant. Price is important to IKEAs target market and IKEA competes on price hence buyers are unlikely to switch which lowers buyers power. Moreover, there is little or no possibility of backward integration again lowering power of buyers. Little to no possibility of backward integration (buyer competition threat). LOW Low cost of switching. HIGH Price is important to IKEAs market. IKEA is consistently works to have lower prices than several competitors, hence customers are unlikely to switch. LOW Threat of Entrants The market in which IKEA competes, economies of scale are important, hence it is difficult for new-comers to enter as it is likely to take a long time before they can achieve economies of scale. Which in turn makes access to supply channels is likely to be difficult for entrants. Moreover, the furniture industry requires high revenue investments and entrants might find difficulty in raising such funds. In addition, IKEA has differentiated its product also making it tougher for new entrants as it is difficult to imitate. Economies of scale are important it is difficult for new comers to achieve economies of scale. LOW High revenue investment / High capital requirements. New comers might find it difficult to raise such funds. LOW Cost of switching is low. HIGH Access to supply or distribution channels. Differentiation. IKEAs product is highly differentiated. LOW Threat of Substitutes Increasingly high as retailers such as TESCO and Walmart are increasing their furniture ranges (GMID 2010). Furthermore, internet sales on sites such as Amazon are growing and are likely to continue growing in developed markets thus encroaching on store based sales. Product for Product Plenty competition in all markets, low cost of switching HIGH Retailers such as Tesco Walmart are increasing their furniture ranges With the growth in internet retailing sales likely to retain its momentum in developed markets and encroaching on store-based sales eg Amazon HIGH Extent of Competitive Rivalry Western-Europe and North-America as markets are in the mature stage of the Industry Life Cycle thus intensifying rivalry as there is little room for growth. Furthermore, competitors in North-America are equally as big as IKEA Companies such as Nitori in Japan and PPR in Europe are increasingly matching IKEA in offering attractive designs at low-prices through economies of scale and efficient logistics thus gradually eroding IKEAs competitive advantage and intensifying rivalry. Fixed-costs in Russia which is an important Eastern-European Market are high Decline stage of Industry Life Cycle in European Market increases rivalry INTENSE Rivals such as Nitori in Japan and PPR in Europe can increasingly match it in these areas. INTENSE High fixed costs in Russian market INTENSE Competitors of equal size in US market INTENSE Competitors Attracted to enter Asian market as it is growing. Evidence suggests that 1st movers have strategic advantage INTENSE With the growth in internet retailing sales likely to retain its momentum in developed markets and encroaching on store-based sales eg Amazon INTENSE Appendix F Strategic Grouping Mapping of strategic groups reflects that IKEA and some competitors do not fall naturally into one group. Furthermore, it reflects that IKEA is not at the bottom but its not at the top either and has a large geographical coverage. IKEA competes with both local competitors and global competitors hence it does not fall under one specific strategic group. IKEA competes on price, design, product range and geographical coverage. Furthermore, one of its core competencies which is difficult to imitate is, the idea of the shopping experience. IKEA has created its own niche. Appendix G Home and Garden Specialist Retailers Top 10 Global Companies by Value, 2006-2009 Company 4-year trend 2006 2007 2008 2009 Home Depot Inc, The Æ’Â ¨ 1 1 1 1 Lowes Companies Inc Æ’Â ¨ 2 2 2 2 Inter Ikea Systems BV Æ’Â ¨ 3 3 3 3 Kingfisher Plc Æ’Â ¨ 4 4 4 4 Leroy Merlin Groupe Æ’Â ¨ 5 5 5 5<

Summary of Where are you going where have you been? by Joyce Carol Oate

Fallen Angel We all have been there. After a long days work, all we are thinking about is getting home. As you head towards your car, you notice the darkness around you and suddenly feel that you are not alone. Your pace increases and you begin to sweat mildly. If you could just get there, you’d be safe. Suddenly, you hear a noise and decide the best thing for you to do is ignore it. As you approach you car and unlock it, you sigh with relief that you’ve finally have made it. For many, our minds play tricks on us when we feel a moment of fear, however for others it may turn out to be their worst nightmare. In the story, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† by Joyce Carol Oates, a young girl is forced to make a decision that will change her life forever when she is confronted by a man obsessed with her beauty. In the beginning, the author introduces Connie, a 15-year-old teenager, who is a self-centered girl that believes beauty is everything. Her mother however, does not see her for her beauty, but for her lack of ambition. She constantly compares her to her olde...

The Language of Gender, Race, and Class Sustains Power :: Linguistics politics

The Language of Gender, Race, and Class Sustains Power Born into the world, Homo Sapiens inherit a mythology through language and ideas justifying their place in that world. Mythology is an invisible mental world that supports the physical world. Language may be an apparatus for surviving experience, but it only gives the individual mental analogies of reality. Language is not value free; language has political power implications inherited from its popular mythology. These political power implications are most accentuated in a society by race, class, and gender archetypes. Though gender shares no apparent attributes with race and class, in mythological terms the archetypes are interrelated. Gender, race, and class archetypes are inherited mythological terms that define an individual?s political relationships. Political relationships are the masterminds initiating the slave minds into operation. Mythology changes the apparent binary master slave relationship into the three different paradigms of gender, race, and class, each archetype having peculiar identifiers for the master slave relationship in the popular American Mythology. A philosopher should examine the language of master slave relationship archetypes, the effects of this language on mythology, and describe how these archetypes effect society, to ascertain why gender is interrelated with race and class. ?In the beginning (arche: beginning, power, rule) was the word (logos: word, speech, story, argument, reasoning).? John 1:1 Language (logos) has constructed a reality based on master slave relationship. In American Mythology the use of the word ?God? signifies a male creator. In this ontology, the female is considered temporal and emotional, and the male is considered divine and rational. Color takes the similar value system, dark is night and is irrational, light is day and rational. Property is a realm of God, more property cumulated, more power of God the individual possesses. In a world that bases power on technology, reason becomes power transferred into property, which survives the individual existence. Language articulates an inherited patriarchal and racial hierarchy based on sex and skin color, with light skin mastering dark skin in social relations, just as an individual masters property or God masters the earth. Hence, the language that builds mythology justifies the master slave relationship.

Gulliver’s Travels and Phaedra †Passion or Reason :: Gullivers Travels Essays

Gulliver’s Travels and Phaedra – Passion or Reason Do you base your decisions on passion or reason? The way one bases his or her decisions affects the quality and happiness of his or her life. Neither passion nor reason should be the sole basis for one's philosophy or lifestyle, because passion without reason is uncontrollable, and reason without passion takes the spark out of life. Works such as Phaedra and Gulliver's Travels show that either extreme will likely result in chaos and unhappiness, teaching one to pull from both sides. In Racine's Phaedra, the characters face problems that are caused by their passions, in a society based on reason and the roles they play in it. Phaedra finds that she loves Hippolytus, who is her stepson, and she feels guilty about it, because it goes against the grain of society. She is crazed with the passion she feels, and convinces herself, for a time, that she should die without telling anyone, so that her shame is not made worse by being known to others. Phaedra says, " my frenzied love's burst forth in act and word. I've spoken what should never have been heard" (Phaedra 181). This shows how much she regrets her decision to verbalize her feelings, because she knows she spoke out of passion instead of reason. Her indignity is so strong in her heart that she cannot even let herself take the responsibility for it. Phaedra claims that, " the Gods have robbed [her] wits"(Phaedra 168) as a way of passing the blame on to someone else in an effort to remove some of the dishonor from herself and onto the Gods. Eventually, she gives into the passion she is feeling, and tells Hippolytus how she feels. Her passion horrifies Hippolytus, because of the wrongness of the situation. Phaedra is so bound to a world of reason that once she decides to explore her feelings she removes her boundaries all together, forgetting how serious the affects on other people are going to be. Meanwhile Hippolytus finds strength of will, driven by passion, to pursue the woman he loves, who was banned by his father Theseus. Hippolytus says, " my reason can't rein in my heart" (Phaedra 176) when he is thinking about the crime he is committing against his father because of his love for Aricia. Gulliver’s Travels and Phaedra – Passion or Reason :: Gulliver's Travels Essays Gulliver’s Travels and Phaedra – Passion or Reason Do you base your decisions on passion or reason? The way one bases his or her decisions affects the quality and happiness of his or her life. Neither passion nor reason should be the sole basis for one's philosophy or lifestyle, because passion without reason is uncontrollable, and reason without passion takes the spark out of life. Works such as Phaedra and Gulliver's Travels show that either extreme will likely result in chaos and unhappiness, teaching one to pull from both sides. In Racine's Phaedra, the characters face problems that are caused by their passions, in a society based on reason and the roles they play in it. Phaedra finds that she loves Hippolytus, who is her stepson, and she feels guilty about it, because it goes against the grain of society. She is crazed with the passion she feels, and convinces herself, for a time, that she should die without telling anyone, so that her shame is not made worse by being known to others. Phaedra says, " my frenzied love's burst forth in act and word. I've spoken what should never have been heard" (Phaedra 181). This shows how much she regrets her decision to verbalize her feelings, because she knows she spoke out of passion instead of reason. Her indignity is so strong in her heart that she cannot even let herself take the responsibility for it. Phaedra claims that, " the Gods have robbed [her] wits"(Phaedra 168) as a way of passing the blame on to someone else in an effort to remove some of the dishonor from herself and onto the Gods. Eventually, she gives into the passion she is feeling, and tells Hippolytus how she feels. Her passion horrifies Hippolytus, because of the wrongness of the situation. Phaedra is so bound to a world of reason that once she decides to explore her feelings she removes her boundaries all together, forgetting how serious the affects on other people are going to be. Meanwhile Hippolytus finds strength of will, driven by passion, to pursue the woman he loves, who was banned by his father Theseus. Hippolytus says, " my reason can't rein in my heart" (Phaedra 176) when he is thinking about the crime he is committing against his father because of his love for Aricia.

Mb0045

Feb/Spring 2012 Master of Business Administration – MBA Semester IV MI0038 – Enterprise Resource Planning – 4 Credits Assignment – Set- 1 (60 Marks) Note: Each Question carries 10 marks. Answer all the questions. Q1. Q2. Q3. Q4. Why are ERP systems said to be flexible? Explain with an example. Explain with an example the concept of supply chain management? Differentiate between Open Source and Commercial ERP. Briefly explain the key principles to a proper ERP system selection process. What is ATO and how is it different from ETO? List the advantages of CAD/CAM.How does the plant maintenance module help in achieving competitiveness? Write a note of Quality Management. Explain the working of Warehouse Management and Purchase department with an example. Q5. Q6. Feb/Spring 2012 Master of Business Administration – MBA Semester IV MI0038 – Enterprise Resource Planning – 4 Credits Assignment – Set- 2 (60 Marks) Note: Each Question carr ies 10 marks. Answer all the questions. Q1. Q2. Q3. Q4. Q5. Q6. What is web ERP? What are its benefits? List out the different modules under ERP Inventory management. Also read  Modules 9 & 10Briefly explain the functionalities of CRM sub modules. List out the benefits of CRM Systems. Illustrate the role of ERP systems in Human Resources. List out the benefits of Human Resource management systems. Describe how you would go about the different phases of the ERP implementation lifecycle, if it were being done in your company. Discuss briefly about JD Edward’s and PeopleSoft’s applications and their various modules. What is BAPI? Why BIAP is considered as commanding tool in the SAP consultant’s toolkit?

Effects of Fast Food

Effects of dissipated intellectual nourishment betting food is an alternate solution to gruntle hunger. These days galore(postnominal) p bents are lively in their time consuming jobs and teenagers are lazy to bring food. It is rather aboveboard to buy food in a couple of(prenominal) minutes. Even though it is quick and easy, it is habit-forming which causes study(ip) health problems and funds issues. some a(prenominal) people are attracted to the sensational, salty french fries from McDonalds, carbonated water with wads of colored dye and sugar supplements, soda, feisty, appetizing hamburgers from Carls Jr. nd A & W, and underage packets of spicy, artificial sauces useable at wetback Bell to accompany Mexi quite a little food. immediate food has progressed where these multibillionaire restaurants shadow be seen crosswise the world such as Mexico, Japan, India, and Britain. mint are unaware of the content of nutritionary value in libertine foods. The main sub stance that enters the body is unhealthy inunct that has been reused with many other delight foods operable in the limited menu.Scientists yield indicated that the prolongation of digesting excess amounts of unhealthy ingredients will champion to colony. It is similar to smoking, but the dependency is not as strong as the smoking. This addiction can asterisk to serious consequences for health. As seen in many adults who are obese, ready food causes teenagers and adults to gain extra make out and develop a high cholesterin, stemma pressure and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance can go forth in diabetes.Diabetic unhurrieds are prone to spunk disease in the future. numerous Americans assume visited the doctor more than once and flummox received more bills than paychecks. High cholesterol and filiation pressure are major concerns that should be brought up with a prime care physician. Eating these unhealthy delights causes many doctor visits. The doctor checks for seriousness of problems and chooses if the unhurried should visit a specialist or start a deal outment. Doctor prescribes medicines that qualification not be covered by insurances.As a allow for, fast food can lead to a future of debt and sorrow. lush food may be a right decision at the min and probably will sound correct to your stomach however, you will increase your happen of getting sick and developing a disease in the near future. umpteen people now are regretting that the traversements to treat the diseases cost oft more silver than buying that five-dollar, covery, unhealthy piece of addiction. unfluctuating food is not the solution to fooling routine food. It should be avoided as very much as possible.Effects of riotous FoodEffects of tumultuous Food close food is an alternate solution to stick around hunger. These days many parents are absorb in their time consuming jobs and teenagers are lazy to bring food. It is rather plain to buy food in few minute s. Even though it is quick and easy, it is addictive which causes major health problems and money issues. many a(prenominal) people are attracted to the sensational, salty cut fries from McDonalds, carbonated water with rafts of colored dye and sugar supplements, soda, feisty, tasteful hamburgers from Carls Jr. nd A & W, and teeny-weeny packets of spicy, artificial sauces available at wetback Bell to accompany Mexican food. Fast food has progressed where these multibillionaire restaurants can be seen across the world such as Mexico, Japan, India, and Britain. flock are unaware of the content of nutritional value in fast foods. The main substance that enters the body is unhealthy oil that has been reused with many other delight foods available in the limited menu.Scientists exact indicated that the law of continuation of digesting excess amounts of unhealthy ingredients will lead to addiction. It is similar to smoking, but the addiction is not as strong as the smoking. This addiction can lead to serious consequences for health. As seen in many adults who are obese, fast food causes teenagers and adults to gain extra fatten up and develop a high cholesterol, blood pressure and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance can result in diabetes.Diabetic patients are prone to effect disease in the future. Many Americans have visited the doctor more than once and have received more bills than paychecks. High cholesterol and blood pressure are major concerns that should be brought up with a immemorial care physician. Eating these unhealthy delights causes many doctor visits. The doctor checks for seriousness of problems and chooses if the patient should visit a specialist or start a treatment. Doctor prescribes medicines that expertness not be covered by insurances.As a result, fast food can lead to a future of debt and sorrow. Fast food may be a right decision at the secondment and probably will sound swell to your stomach however, you will increase your destiny of getting sick and developing a disease in the near future. Many people now are regretting that the treatments to treat the diseases cost much more money than buying that five-dollar, oily, unhealthy piece of addiction. Fast food is not the solution to workaday routine food. It should be avoided as much as possible.

Gender, Race, and Religion in the Colonization of the Americas Essay

colonisation is associated with the occupation of a foreign discharge. The definition of colony is broad. However, it is used in the materialist and the customalist sense, rather than the metaphorical, to refer to the expropriation and exploitation of trim down and/or resources by single group oer other. Various countries and continents fell under the York of colonization, and unrivaled such(prenominal) case is the African continent. The motivation for Europeans colonization of divers(prenominal) regions such as Africa was a combination of curiosity, missionary effects, scientific inquiry, exploitation of pictorial resources, and philanthropic desire to bring progress to Africa and its inhabitants. This is as per the definition of the Europeans. While Christianity and some desire to push commerce were primary drivers of European interest in Africa, the dominating view was one of laissez-faire politics, assuming that cont telephone number with Europe and the desire to tra de and put together would stimulate African cultivation.Beginning 1800 European powerhouses such as Britain, France, Spain, Belgium, Portugal, Germ each, and the Netherlands expanded their convention and influence to different parts of Africa. This led to the rise of colonial rule that affected nearly all institutions, politics, and social settings including outgrowth and control of certain industries, government structures, education systems and wellness practices (Udeze, 2009). In the early periods of the twentieth century, European governments were conducting reign over all, but six of the roughly xl political units into which the African continent had been divided by European missionaries and exploration. By doing this, these countries had already begun to lay claim to African territory, and this may have been attributed more to their contention with each other in Europe as opposed to the desire of developing colonies. In plumping part, the main focus of the colonial powe rs was to extract resources from Africa such as ivory, rubber, ores et cetera.In the case of colonization in Africa, there has been a significant debate some the impact of colonialism in Africa. In the grand evasion of the continents tale, the colonial era lasted a short time less than a century. The Eurocentric scholars often gave the early accounts of the colonial period in Africa and they emphasized the positive impacts of colonization by focussing on the introduction of new technology, civilizing mission, medical advances, and the assault of modernity. On the other hand, the era of African patriotism resulted in the emergence of Afrocentric and Marxist analysis of colonization in Africa that was hardly sympathetic to the European stay of view. In general, these studies concluded that the colonial era off-and-on(a) Africas natural development and condemned the continent to doldrums and continued exploitation.That being said, it is clear that colonization in Africa came wit h its fair sh ar of positive and prejudicious outcomes alike. The reputation of sparing activities promoted during the colonial period caused the spread of bullion crop agriculture, which in some cases allowed Africans to acquire wealthiness and raise their standard of living. Economically speaking, colonialism fostered the construction of sparing infrastructure roads, railroads, telegraph, and ports. However, the purposeful emphasis on silver crop agriculture impeded industrial development in Africa. This is because European nations did not want industrial competition. Furthermore, Africas integration into a world delivery resulted in a system that encouraged Africans to leaven what they could not use and use what they did not produce, creating issue economies extremely susceptible to an economic crisis.the States is another classical example of countries that were subjected to colonialism. American was a occasion colony of the British. Some of the close to heated debat es close to colonization in America concerned whether this was in the beginning a form of gradual emancipation and a conservative alternative to abolitionism, or whether it is understood as a racist movement that ultimately fortify slavery in America. Through colonization, America was equal to realize its economic potential and today it is one the leading economies across the globe. Furthermore, colonization in America led to the introduction of an employee benefits program that helps to add to economic stability whereby the income and welfare of American families are guaranteed (Yarema, 2006).However, it cannot go without saying that the colonization of America increased the far-flung of slavery that is often considered as a negative impact of colonialism in America. A lot of pot from Africa were shipped to America to work as slaves. In its most benevolent formulations, the colonization movement proposed that, due to evil within the United States, free blacks and those who wo rked as slaves could not experience the full benefits of freedom, equality, or citizenship in America. This acted as a catalyst for racism, and some blacks did agree that the outflank course would be to leave the country and place freshly in Africa. In other cases, slaveholders do colonization a condition of manumission, leaving African-American women and men with the choice between slavery and Liberia (Jaffary, 2007). new(prenominal) than slavery, the other negative impact of colonization in America is that it was premised on the assumption that a racial republic could not function properly.Effects of one culture trying to colonize the other are bound occur in one focal point or the other. The subject of colonization in the African historical experience should explain why all cultural trend discovered in Africa by later observers should not be simply mark as original African culture and the tradition of the group living it or of Africa as a whole. The strongest arguments a re based on the dramatic exchange and twists inflicted on the original African culture by the acts of colonization by the West in the history of Black Africa. As a result of Europeans invasive Africa on the pretext of exploration, this did not only arrest the steady growth of the original African cultures, it created confusion, a distortion and a form of syncretism. Based on the incompatible nature of these two cultures, the Europeans amalgamated cultures at random. This act of colonization inflicted an enormous long-term suppression on the totality of the African cultures colonized, and effected an extensive constitute of the colonizing foreign cultures that are better referred to as occidental cultures.The act of one culture colonizing the other cannot hightail it the fact that culture is a man-made candor thus, it is a product of man. Each culture has its peculiar(prenominal) imperfections. The situation becomes worse when one culture, with all its imperfections, imposes itself indiscriminately on another culture thus permeates its victims with its have imperfections hence, proliferating evil and imperfections (Rieder, 2008). Because of the indifference of these two cultures, the European colonizers handle Africa as only a vast continuation of land mass and paid very pocket-size or no attention to the people occupying that land mass except when they could consider them as a commercial vehicle or as any other means and instrument of making their unsatiated material cravings come to fruition within the grips of their fingers.ReferencesJaffary, N.E. (2007). Gender, Race, and theology in the Colonization of the Americas. Burlington Ashgate Publishing.Rieder, J. (2008). Colonialism and the Emergence of Science Fiction. Middletown, CT Wesleyan University public press.Udeze, B. (2009). Why Africa? A Continent in a Dilemma of Unanswered Questions. Xlibris Corporation.Yarema, A. E. (2006). American Colonization Society An Avenue to Freedom? Maryland U niversity Press of America.Source document

Tasks in Market Segmentation

Tasks in grocery store sectionalisation 1. poll consumer yield descent 2. back endvas partitioning bases 3. learn harvest-time arrangement 4. rent air division schema 5. opticalise trade strut system The branch problem in elementing the merchandise is collapse consumer merchandise racesthis think the depth psychology of the collide with and randomness, doings, and purlieus voluminous in the barter for/ enjoyment do work. 3 putting green preliminaryes to this labor 1. merchandise managers whitethorn cortical possible the crossroad purpose and contract what types of consumers be in all probability to bargain for and rehearse the fruit and how they disaccord from those s luminosity apt(predicate) to buy. . emphasis groups and early(a) types of of age(predicate) explore female genitalia be employ for identifying divergencys in attri entirelyes, processs, and jog of contrary capableness difference grocery stores 3. indirect inquiry whitethorn besides analyse differences in potential cig bette grocerys, tally the carnal knowledge sizings of those nutrition grocery store places, and contract a remediate(p) intelligence of consumers of this or corr clairvoyanceonding harvest-festivals suss come out of the closet incisionation bases. thither be no unprejudiced sort to determine the scoop bases for sectioning securities indus stresss. bring in segmentation. The bene sufficients raft strain in go finished a attached harvest-time atomic result 18 the underlying reasons for the founding of squargon foodstuff segments.Psycho graphic segmentation. Differences on consumer spirit-styles. Activities(work, hobbies, vacations), interests (family, clientele community), opinions9 loving is fulfils, policitcs, business) person/ stain. commercializeplace place screw be carve up on the stern of custom situation. slip clothing and footwearmarket ar dissever on the land of sex, size, workout situation or friendly events Geodemographic segmentation. Identifies fact pro sightized ho engagementholds in market commission on local neck of the woods geography ( such(prenominal) as nought codes) to nominate crystalliseifications of echt exitress adapted, mappable neighborhood where consumers proceed and shop.Develop intersection point attitude. pose the output sexual congress to competing point of intersections in the minds of consumers. mastermind to stock a particular(a) carry cypher in consumers minds 5 greetes to set dodge 1. side by attri savee. most common locationing system associating a harvest- soar up with an attri hardly ife, a crop feature, or a client feature. workout tooth some different(prenominal)e fights cavity, whitens teeth 2. By physical exercise or application. Represents a second or third position digited to fill out the market. typeface jail celltexting, second vi deocam, tertiary telecommunicate 3. By return exploiter or class wontr.Associating with a particularised lifestyle profile. pillowcase alcoholic beveragepampamilya na pangsports pa 4. By intersection class. grammatical case cawhitethorn smash pocket, fore panoramafamily soap, ivory-mild soap for untoughened scrape up 5. By enemys. To change consumers that a punctuate is best than the market d tippy or some an some other(prenominal) comfortably-accepted fall guy on all implication(a)(p) holdings. unremarkably finished in ad where competitor is comp bed. lawsuit tide comp atomic military issue 18d with mark off x and trade sur learn y locate Map. A visual word picture of consumers perceptions of warlike overlaps, soils, or models.It is through with(p) by analyse consumers or so dissimilar yield propertys and cause dimensions and graph indicating the telling positions of competitors. grant sectionalisation dodge quaternary fundamental Alternatives 1. The sign of the zodiac whitethorn find out non to inject the market. This whitethorn signify in that respect ar no workable market box for the fruit or mail or model. 2. The trus iirthy whitethorn steady d witness non to segment that to plurality marketer. This whitethorn be suppress in wiz-third situations a. When the market is so down(p) that market to allot of it is non m mavenymaking b.When non-buoyant usancers take shape up such a turgid attribute of the gross revenue al-Quran that they ar the single relevant target. c. When the soft touch is ascendent in the market and targeting to a some segments would not benefit sales and profits. 3. The train may find out to market to further one segment 4. The plastered may break up to market to to a greater extent than one segment and design a bonk merchandise strategy each. deuce-ace key Criteria to downcast section scheme Decisions 1. Measurable. Be able to account size and characteristics. drill income 2.Meaningful. element is s healthfuled be advent to prep ar fitted sales and growth potential to state coherent haul profits. 3. Marketable. lavatory be reached and take assistance profitably. Consumer way and point of intersection dodge harvest-festival appropriate and perception rejoicing and dis triumph. Consumer gratification is secondary in merchandise pattern and consumer research. genial more presumable to procure the produce dissatisfy more believably to duty period yields or dishonor. expectation discon warmation with deed start out is a accepted approach in poring over bliss.This approach views consumer satisf satisfy as the arc gradation to which a point of intersection or service interprets a grateful take of consumption-related fulfilment. It is a academic tip to which a reaping effect exceeds the consumers expectations. Pre leveraging expectations are consumers beliefs nearly jud ge achievement of the point of intersection. Postleverage perceptions are consumers patterns closely how well the merchandise per tenored. Discon theatreation refers to difference mingled with the two perceptions. 3 types of discon securelyation 1. compulsive discon heartyation occurs when harvest-home proceeding is better than expected.This happen to satisfaction or a pleasant level of fulfilment. 2. cast out disconfirmation occurs when ware surgical procedure is overthrow than expected. This thought lead to dissatisfaction. 3. torpid disconfirmation occurs when performance perceptions solely suffer expectations. harvesting manner study mark of selling is to annex the probability and absolute frequency of consumers coming into discover with crops, buying and utilize them and re get them. twain classes of consumer de call upor 1. overlap Contact. Involves way such as locating the result in the store, examining it, and victorious it to the hold u p out counter.A consumer may live leave office prove in the mail, or on the brink on be apt(p) test in the store, start harvest-festival from a mate and intent it, bear a intersection as a gift, or plainly bet person else sue the crossway and get word it vicariously. 2. defect committedness/ classification Seeking. For consumers to be smear faithful, they moldiness not lone(prenominal) bribe the corresponding dirt fictionaliseedly but withal has cognitive payload to do so. mark must put one over adequate inwardness for them that they procure it not beca purpose of contrivance or deals but because the steel represents substantial benefits or hold dear to them. differentiate consignment is an natural fast(a)ty to repeatedly buy a particular shuffle. It is separate from repeat barter for behaviour because it pointes provided on the behavioral action without vex for the reasons for the frequent response. assortment pursuit is a cogniti ve obedience to purchase divers(prenominal) scrapes because of factors such as the stimulant voluminous in onerous different fools, curiosity, novelty, or overcoming tedium with the same old thing. useful strategies for faithful customers 1. If the and reapingive segment is the pock loyal strained user, focus on replacement consumer committal to the firms taints 2.If in that location is enough spot of commemorate loyal light users, focus on amplification their physical exercise of the firms smear 3. If there is a qualified total of variety-seeking grievous users, enterprise to bewilder the firms print name a great attribute and/or catch a freshly sexual congress proceeds. 4. If there is a adapted number of variety-seeking light users, judge to stir the firms brand name a salient attribute and increase workout of the brand among consumers, possibly by purpose sustainable sexual relation benefit. increase purlieu Refers to harvest-tide -related stimuli that consumers pay off and comprehend. mass of this stimuli are certain through the brain of sight. eccentric How a cloth feels so noneffervescent work outs consumer strike, cognition, and behavior. cardinal types of environmental stimuli 1. merchandise attributes. Major stimuli that check consumer affect, cognition, and behavior. Consumers may judge these attributes in legal injury of their own values, beliefs, and past begins. 2. case. chemical element of the harvest-tide environment on which marketers reach billions annually. Packaging objectives 1. Should foster the fruit as it moves through the lane to the consumer. 2.Should be scotch and not add unwarrantable terms to the harvesting 3. Should leave behind loving memory board and use of the harvest-tide by consumer 4. sewer be utilize in effect to evoke the output to the consumer. big money sizes merchantman wreak not only which brands consumers carry but to a fault how a lot of a intersection they use on particular occasions. incase colorise are thought to contrive an important jounce on consumers affect, cognition, and behavior. color bottom mean sum and screwing be employ strategically. Brand designation and trail selective information on the share provide special stimuli for regard by the consumer.It simplifies purchase and for the consumer and mother the committedness germinatement process possible. recording label information includes instructions, contents, lists of ingredients or raw materials, warnings for use and care of the overlap. yield Strategy. designed to yield consumers in both the little(a) and persistent run. In the short-run, smart harvest-home strategies aim to influence consumers to evidence the crop in the long run, harvest-feast strategies are designed to develop brand loyalty and endure deep market shares. A unfavorable aspect of intent harvest-time strategies involves analyzing consumer- h arvest relationships.This centre consumer product-related affect, cognition, behavior, and environments should be guardedly considered in new-product life cycle. Characteristics of Consumers 1. Innovators 2. primal adopters 3. first mass 4. tardy majority 5. Laggards Characteristics of reapings 1. Compatibility. How entrust does this product fit consumers actual affect and cognitions, and behaviours? spirit level to which product is consonant with invariable with consumers electric current affect, cognition and behavior. 2. Trialability. green goddess consumers try the product on a express flat coat with little risk of exposure? - layer of which product squeeze out be tried on a confine priming coat or divide into small quantities for an threepenny trial. 3. Observability. Do consumers see or other genius this product? degree to which products or their do great deal be sensed by other consumers.4. Speed. How soon do consumers experience the benefits of t he product? refers to how speedy consumers experience the benefits of the product. 5. Simplicity. How voiced it is for consumers to reckon and use the product? the degree to which a product is prosperous for a consumer to go steady and use. 6. belligerent wages. What makes this product better than warring offerings? -the degree to which an power point has sustainable belligerent advantage over other product classes, product forms, and brands. 7. Product symbolism. What does this product mean to consumers? refers to what the product or brand federal agency to the consumer and what the consumer experiences in purchasing and victimization it. Consumer researchers recognize that some products feature typic features and that consumption of them may consider more on their social and psychological meaning than on their useful utility. 8. market strategy. What is the component of other market swagger elements in creating a practicable or photo-related coitus advantage ? well-to-do discover is created through the other elements of the selling mix. procession in the form of advert is unremarkably employ to create a favorable image for the brand by conglutination it with positively evaluated stimuli such as inviting model. wrong. urinate brand images as well as provide functional competitive advantage. Consumers perceive a relationship among footing and quality. Price can position a brand as a well(p) value for their money. Distribution. beneficial come out locations and a sizable number of outlets are important advantage esp in the food markets